比較巴洛克時期的Concerto Grosso & The Solo Concerto 主要的分別[英文回答]10分

Concerto Grosso


The concerto grosso (plural concerti grossi) (Italian for big concert(o)) was a popular form of baroque music using an ensemble and usually having three to six movements in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno).

The form was probably developed around 1680 by Alessandro Stradella, who seems to have written the first music in which a "concertino" and "ripieno" are combined in the characteristic way, though he did not use the term "concerto grosso".[citation needed] The first major composer of named concerti grossi was Stradella's friend Arcangelo Corelli.[citation needed] After Corelli's death, a collection of twelve such pieces he composed was published (presumably, the movements were selected individually from a larger oeuvre) and soon spread across Europe, finding many admirers and imitators. Composers such as Francesco Geminiani and Giuseppe Torelli wrote concerti in the style of Corelli, and he also had a strong influence on Antonio Vivaldi.

In Corelli's day, two distinct forms of the concerto grosso were distinguished: the concerto da chiesa (church concert) and the concerto da camera (chamber concert). The former was more formal and generally just alternated largo or adagio (slow) movements with allegro (fast) movements, whereas the latter had more the character of a suite, being introduced by a preludio and incorporating many dance forms popular in the day. These distinctions later became blurred



The Solo Concerto



The term concerto (plural is concerti or concertos) usually refers to a musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra. The concerto, as understood in this modern way, arose in the Baroque period side by side with the concerto grosso, which contrasted a small group of instruments with the rest of the orchestra. While the concerto grosso is confined to the Baroque period, the solo concerto has continued as a vital musical force to this day. This article will concentrate on the development of the solo concerto.

The etymology of the word "concerto" is somewhat problematic, as the Italian ‘concertare’ can mean ‘to contend, dispute’ but it also has the contrary meaning of ‘to agree’. The idea of two opposing forces is inherent in the use of the term.

Similarities
1. start from baroque period
2. multi-movement instrumental music, consists 3 movements: fast-slow-fast
3. music contains contrast between 2 goups of musicians

Differences:
1. "concertino" against "ripieno" in concerto grosso but in solo concerto, only one solo instrument plays against the orchestra
2. concerto grosso appeared in baroque period only but solo concerto developed through classical, romantic periods
3.Ritornello form is used in the fast movements in concerto grosso but concerto-sonata form and cadenza passage are used in first movement of classical solo concerto.