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新年食物
年糕
年糕是農曆新年一種傳統食品,年糕與「年高」諧音,有年年高的意思,象徵收入、職位或小孩子都一年比一年高。年糕早期是在年夜用來祭神及供奉祖先,其後漸漸成為一種春節食品。
年糕通常用糯米磨粉製成,在中國不同地區製作的年糕各有分別。
[編輯] 北方年糕
北方的年糕可蒸或炸,以甜味為主。北京年糕包括江米或黃米製成的紅棗年糕、百果年糕及白年糕。山西則習慣以黃米粉製作年糕,以油炸,並可以豆沙或棗泥作餡。河北習慣在年糕中加入大棗、小紅豆及綠豆等一起蒸食,山東年糕以紅棗及黃米蒸成。東北年糕則主要由粘高粱米加上豆類蒸製而成。
[編輯] 南方年糕
上海、杭州及寧波一帶的年糕呈白色,本身屬淡味,由粳米製成。煮法可蒸、炸、切片炒或煮湯。
閩南地區的福建年糕為天然琥珀色,主要為年節祭祀及送禮用,由糯米、新鮮豬肉及芋頭還有花生製成,通常切片煎熟食用,亦可裹蛋汁、或太白粉(玉米粉)或番薯粉煎食,早期移民到台灣北部的福建居民也生產福州年糕。
[編輯] 台灣年糕
台灣的傳統年糕,主要為祭祀用,台灣傳統禮節以年糕送禮是意味著受禮人正服喪期,台灣居住著來自不同文化背景的人,因此在台灣送禮時必須注意對方的文化背景禮節,放一個紅紙袋(紅包)擺入一個硬幣或紙鈔,是最容易避開這惱人的送禮禁忌。
台式年糕製造方式南北不完全相同,北部年糕受晚期中國移民影響較多,有花生年糕、紅糖年糕及紅豆年糕,均以糯米磨漿後壓乾去除多餘水分後加入花生、紅糖或是紅豆等材料蒸熟,相當耗時費力;中、南部年糕則為早期中國南方移民製造年糕的形式,做法省時簡單,以小火將糯米煮至糊狀加糖放冷即可。
[編輯] 廣東年糕
廣東及香港的年糕是橙紅色,屬甜味,由糯米、糖及豬油製成,通常切片煎熟食用,雖然好吃但比較膩。
[編輯] 日式年糕
日本亦流行在慶祝新年(明治維新起日本新年改為陽曆元旦)時吃年糕。日式年糕是白色淡味,傳統是把粉團放在大木桶中,以鎚子不斷擊打而製成。
[編輯] 韓式年糕
與中國南方年糕相近。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B4%E7%B3%95&variant=zh-hk
Nian gao
Nian gao or Niangao (Chinese: 粘糕 or 年糕; pinyin: nián'gāo; literally "sticky cake" or "year cake"), sometimes known in the West as "rice cake" or Chinese New Year's cake, is a food prepared from glutinous rice and used as an ingredient in Chinese cuisine. It is available in Asian supermarkets and from health food stores. While it is eaten all year round, traditionally it is eaten at Chinese New Year.
Despite numerous varieties, they all have similar recipes: cooked glutinous rice is pounded or ground into a paste, and, depending on the variety, may simply be molded into shape or cooked again to settle the ingredient.
Nian gao have many sub-varieties. One is the savory Shanghai style, usually packaged in a thick soft rod to be sliced up or packaged pre-sliced and either stir-fried or added to soup. This type is the most chewy nian gao variant. A second variety is the sweet Cantonese-style nian gao. It is sweetened, usually with brown sugar, which gives it a golden color, but occasionally white sugar is used to maintain the white color of the rice. The paste is then poured into a cake pan and steamed once more to settle the mixture. It may be eaten as is with the texture similar to cheese, or pan fried so that it is slightly crispy on the outside while still gooey on the inside. Another variety is a sweet, stretchy, and sticky pudding made with glutinous rice flour and brown sugar and flavored with rosewater or red bean paste. The batter is steamed until it solidifies and served in thick slices.
Korea and Japan both have similar pounded glutinous rice foods, known as tteok and mochi, respectively.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nian_gao
湯丸
元宵(中國北方),或稱湯圓或湯糰(中國南方),是一種中國人在農曆正月十五元宵節必吃的食品。曾有多種名稱,如面繭、粉果、元寶、湯餅、圓不落角等,明永樂年間正式定名為元宵。據傳說,袁世凱當政期間,覺得「元宵」有削袁之意,故將元宵改名為湯圓。
根據劉若愚的《酌中志》,元宵是「用糯米細面,內用核桃仁,白糖,玫瑰為餡灑水滾成,如核桃大小,即江南所稱湯圓也。」
湯圓和元宵的製作方法略有不同:
湯圓一般將糯米面和好,像包餃子一樣將餡包入再團圓,餡料有素有葷;
元宵一般只用素的固體甜餡料,將餡料切成小塊,蘸上水,在盛滿糯米面的笸籮內滾,一邊滾一邊灑水(也有滾了一圈糯米粉後蘸水,再繼續在糯米面中滾),使其自然沾滿糯米面滾成圓球。現在可以用機器滾大規模地生產。
吃時一般都是用水煮,湯圓煮後湯比較清,元宵煮後湯比較濃,因此喝湯如同喝糯米面粥。
也可以有油炸、拔絲、穿衣、蒸、烤等多種食用方法。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A4%E5%9C%86&variant=zh-hk
Tangyuan
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TangyuanTangyuan (Simplified Chinese: 汤圆; Traditional Chinese: 湯圓; pinyin: tāngyuán) or tangtuan (汤团; pinyin: tāng tuán), is a Chinese food made from glutinous rice flour. Glutinous rice flour is mixed with a small amount of water to form balls and is then cooked and served in boiling water. Tangyuan that has been filled with sweet or savory fillings are collectively known as yuan xiao (元宵; pinyin: yuán xiāo).
Different ways of cooking can be used, in Guangdong and Taiwan a sweeten soup is used; it can be either a soup made of sweetened red beans (Hongdou), or ginger and rock sugar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangyuan