圖片參考:
http://hk.yimg.com/i/icon/16/7.gif
廣東話銻=鋁
但
輝銻礦化學成分是Sb2S3,屬斜方晶系的硫化物礦物。晶體易見且形態特徵鮮明,為具有錐面的長柱狀或針狀,柱面有垂直條痕,尖端以陡角尖滅,或可能呈現弧狀、彎曲。輝銻礦的主要物理性質有:條痕黑灰色,強金屬光澤,不透明,沿柱面發育有一組完全板面解理,性脆,摩氏硬度2-2.5,比重4.52-4.62。歸結以上特徵,在鑑定輝銻礦方面可利用幾個重點,鉛灰色,質軟,具刀片狀晶癖,單一方向之完全解理,且以蠟燭加熱可使熔化。
輝銻礦產於低溫熱液礦脈或取代礦床及溫泉沉澱礦床內,它常與許多由其本身分解形成之其它含銻礦物共生,包括方鉛礦、閃鋅礦、黃鐵礦、雌黃、雄黃、辰砂、重晶石、石英等,是分布最廣的銻礦石。在台灣,輝銻礦是開採金礦脈的副產品,因此產地和金礦一致,分布於九份及金瓜石一帶,主要礦體為九份潛伏安山岩體、新山安出岩體,以及武丹山石英安山岩體的中間或其周圍的沈積岩中。羅馬尼亞及美國的內華達州亦有地方發現結晶良好的輝銻礦,但最好的晶體則來自日本四國島之伊予省(Iyo),而中國是世界上最重要的輝銻礦產區,尤以湖南省新化錫礦山的銻礦儲量大質量高,此外,在浙江、廣西、安徽等省也有產出。
銻是國防工業的重要原料,銻鉛合金可用於製作軍事武器榴霰彈,而輝銻礦是提鍊銻的重要原料,天然產出的輝銻礦,亦可加工製成安全火柴和膠皮,此外,輝銻礦可用來製作耐磨擦的合金(如銅鋅錫合金),這種材料是製造堅固軸承的最佳人選,而其與鋅和鉛所熔的合金,更可製印刷機、抽水機、起重機等零件。
除了國防工業方面的用途,在民生工業上,鉛筆的製作中,除用石墨和黏土外,還需加入20%的輝銻礦,且銻的化合物可作為紡織物的防腐劑,在醫藥上的用途亦廣泛。另外,三氧化銻是兩種氧化銻之一,可用於染料中之白色顏料和製作玻璃,三氧化銻作為顏料首先在一九二0年在歐洲引進市場,很快的也在美國應用,而三氧化銻顏料是用金屬銻或輝銻礦在一氧化氮氣體中蒸發,冷卻產生的煙,用過濾袋或其他特殊收集室回集 。
銻=Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sb (L. Stibium) and atomic number 51. A metalloid, antimony has four allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Antimony is used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, a wide variety of alloys, electronics, and rubber.
Notable characteristics
Antimony in its elemental form is a silvery white, brittle, fusible, crystalline solid that exhibits poor electrical and heat conductivity properties and vaporizes at low temperatures. A metalloid, antimony resembles a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but does not chemically react as a metal. It is also attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. Antimony and some of its alloys expand on cooling.
Estimates of the abundance of antimony in the Earth's crust range from 0.2 to 0.5 ppm. Antimony is geochemically categorized as a chalcophile, occurring with sulfur and the heavy metals lead, copper, and silver.
Sources
Even though this element is not abundant, it is found in over 100 mineral species. Antimony is sometimes found native, but more frequently it is found in the sulfide stibnite (Sb2S3) which is the predominant ore mineral. Commercial forms of antimony are generally ingots, broken pieces, granules, and cast cake. Other forms are powder, shot, and single crystals.
圖片參考:
http://hk.yimg.com/i/icon/16/35.gif