中樂歷史 (in english)(10點)

Traditional Chinese musical instruments comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments. Traditionally, they were also classified according to the materials used in their construction.


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Re-enactment of a traditional music performance



The Eight Sounds (八音)
The eight classifications are: silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and hide. There are other instruments which may not fit these classifications.




Silk (絲)
Silk instruments are mostly string instruments (including plucked, bowed, and struck). Since the very beginning, the Chinese have used silk for strings, though today metal or nylon are more frequently used. Instruments in the silk category include:




Plucked

Guqin (Chinese: 古琴; pinyin: gǔqín) - Seven-stringed zither
Se (Chinese: 瑟; pinyin: sè) - 25 stringed zither with moveable bridges (ancient sources say 13, 25 or 50 strings)
Guzheng (古箏) - 16-26 stringed zither with movable bridges
Konghou (箜篌) - Chinese harp (much like a Western one)
Pipa (琵琶) - 4 or 5 stringed pear-shaped lute
Sanxian (三弦) - A plucked lute with body covered with snakeskin and long fretless neck
Ruan (Chinese: 阮; pinyin: ruǎn) - Moon-shaped lute in five sizes: gaoyin-, xiao-, zhong-, da-, and diyin-
Liuqin (柳琴) - A small plucked lute with a pear-shaped body and four strings
Yueqin (月琴) - A plucked lute with a wooden body, a short fretted neck, and four strings tuned in pairs
Qinqin (秦琴) - A plucked lute with a wooden body and fretted neck
Duxianqin (Traditional Chinese: 獨弦琴; Simplified Chinese: 独弦琴) - A plucked zither with only one string



Bowed

Huqin (胡琴) - Family of vertical fiddles
Erhu (二胡) - Two-stringed fiddle
Zhonghu (中胡) - Two-stringed fiddle, lower pitch than erhu
Gaohu (高胡) - Two-stringed fiddle, higher pitch than erhu
Banhu (板胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with a coconut resonator and wooden face
Jinghu (京胡) - Two-stringed fiddle, very high pitched, used mainly for Peking Opera
Erxian (二弦) - Two-stringed fiddle, used in Cantonese, Chaozhou, and nanguan music
Tiqin (提琴) - Two-stringed fiddle, used in kunqu, Chaozhou, Cantonese, Fujian, and Taiwanese music
teachers (#~#)this has been copyed from wikipedea
Yehu (椰胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with coconut body
Daguangxian (大广弦) - Fiddle used primarily in Taiwan and Fujian
Datong (大筒)
Datongxian (大筒弦)
Hexian (和弦) - Large fiddle used primarily among the Hakka of Taiwan
Huluqin (葫芦琴) - Two-stringed fiddle with gourd body used by the Naxi of Yunnan
Huluhu (Traditional Chinese: 葫盧胡; Simplified Chinese: 葫芦胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with gourd body used by the Zhuang of Guangxi
Maguhu (Traditional Chinese: 馬骨胡; Simplified Chinese: 马骨胡; pinyin: mǎgǔhú) - Two-stringed fiddle with horse bone body used bu the Zhuang and Buyei peoples of southern China
Tuhu (土胡) - Two-stringed fiddle used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi
Jiaohu (角胡) - Two-stringed fiddle used by the Gelao people of Guangxi, as well as the Miao and Dong
Sihu (四胡) - Four-stringed fiddle with strings tuned in pairs
Sanhu (三胡) - A 3-stringed erhu with an additional bass string; developed in the 1970s[1]
Zhuihu (Traditional Chinese: 墜胡; Simplified Chinese: 坠胡) - Two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard
Zhuiqin (traditional: 墜琴; simplified: 坠琴) - Two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard
Leiqin (雷琴) - Two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard
Dihu (低胡) - Low pitched two-stringed fiddles in the erhu family, in three sizes:

Xiaodihu (小低胡) - Small dihu, tuned one octave below the erhu
Zhongdihu (中低胡) - Medium dihu, tuned one octave below the zhonghu
Dadihu (大低胡) - Large dihu, tuned two octaves below the erhu

Fail to answer the main point: The history of Chinese music