Neutralization

中和反應是化學反應中復分解反應的一種，是指酸和鹼互相交換成分，生成鹽和水的反應，在中和的過程中，酸裡的氫離子和鹼中的氫氧離子會結合成水。中和反應的過程會釋放熱量，屬於放熱反應。

This article is about neutralization in chemistry. For the use of this term in linguistics, see Phoneme#Neutralization, archiphoneme, underspecification.
Neutralization is a chemical reaction, also called a water forming reaction, in which an acid and a base or alkali (soluble base) react and produce a salt and water. In other words, it can be said that neutralization is the combination of hydrogen ions H+ and hydroxide ions OH− (or oxide ions O2−) to form water molecule H2O. In the process, a salt is formed. Neutralization is exothermic, meaning it produces heat.


Definição
A Salificação ou Reação de neutralização é o nome que se dá a toda reação química que ocorre na mistura de um ácido com uma base. Os produtos dessas reações serão sempre um sal qualquer e água.




, היא תגובה כימית, המתרחשת בין בסיס לחומצה, ותוצריה הם מים ומלח.
בתגובת הסתירה, מגיבים יוני הידרוניום (H30+‎) חומציים עם יוני הידרוקסיד (OH-‎) בסיסיים ליצירת מים (H2O).


중화 반응은 아레니우스의 산-염기 개념(수용액의 H+ - OH-)을 적용했을 경우의 반응이다. 보다 넓게 브뢴스테르-로우리 산-염기 개념이나 루이스 산-염기 개념을 적용하면 수용액뿐만 아니라 보다 넓은 범위(유기물질의 반응)에서 산화-환원반응으로서 설명을 할 수 있다. 따라서 중화반응은 산화-환원반응의 일종이라고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 중성의 염과 물이 형성되는 특징 때문에 따로 분리되기도 한다.

Cheminė reakcija - procesas, kurio metu suyra bei susidaro įvairios cheminės medžiagos (įvyksta cheminiai virsmai). Cheminės reakcijos metu persigrupuoja atomų elektronai, nutraukdami kai kurias esamas ir suformuodami naujas chemines jungtis. Skirstoma pagal reagentų ir produktų santykį(adicijos, mainų, pavadavimo, skilimo), energetinį balansą(endoterminės, egzoterminės), reakcijos kryptį(grįžtamosios, negrįžtamosios).

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Претставена со општа хемиска равенка, неутрализацијата изгледа вака:

Киселина + База → Сол + Вода : ΔH = −C < 0
Пример за ваква реакција — е реакцијата помеѓу раствори хлороводородна киселина и натриум хидроксид:

其實簡單來說，Neutralization即是alkali(鹼性)跟acid(酸性)的物質混合後，中和了，變成neutral的物質(pH value 7)，而在過程中，水(hydrogen+oxygen→water)和鹽(salt/sodium chloride)會形成。
word equation：
　　　　　neutralization
alkali+acid ─────→ water+salt

以下是從wikipedia查回來的。

Neutralization is a chemical reaction, also called a water forming reaction, in which an acid and a base or alkali (soluble base) react and produce a salt and water. In other words, it can be said that neutralization is the combination of hydrogen ions H+ and hydroxide ions OH− (or oxide ions O2−) to form water molecule H2O. In the process, a salt is formed. Neutralization is exothermic, meaning it produces heat.

Most generally, the following occurs:

acid + base → salt + water
For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions:

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Since the HCl and NaOH dissociate into ions in solution, the ionic equation is:

H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + H2O(l)
And since the sodium and chloride ions are just spectator ions not involved in the reaction, the net equation becomes:

H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l) : ΔrH = −55.90 kJ mol−1
This illustrates why neutralization reactions are also referred to as water forming reactions. Of course the sodium and chloride ions are still in solution so the result is pH neutral salt water.

Chemical titration methods are used for analyzing acids or bases to determine the unknown concentration. A pH meter can be used to determine the point of neutralization or a pH indicator such as UI (universal indicator) which shows the point of neutralization by a distinct color change can be used. Simple stoichiometric calculations with the known volume of the unknown and the known volume and molarity of the added chemical gives the molarity of the unknown.

Excess gastric acid in the stomach (acid indigestion) is typically neutralized by the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or another neutralizing agent such as an antacid.

Neutralization can also be used to reduce the pain of insect and plant stings. Bee stings can be neutralized with alkalis and wasps with acids. Nettle stings can be neutralized with alkalis like the one found in dock leaves.

Equal amounts (numbers of moles) of acid and base are needed for neutralization reactions between strong acids and strong bases. Use the formula:

a × [A] × Va = b × [B] × Vb

where a is the number of acidic hydrogens and b is the constant that tells you how many H3O+ ions the base can accept. [A] denotes the concentration of acid and [B], the concentration of base. Va is the volume of acid and Vb is the volume of base.

Neutralization is a chemical reaction, also called a water forming reaction, in which an acid and a base or alkali (soluble base) react and produce a salt and water. In other words, it can be said that neutralization is the combination of hydrogen ions H+ and hydroxide ions OH− (or oxide ions O2−) to form water molecule H2O. In the process, a salt is formed. Neutralization is exothermic, meaning it produces heat.

Most generally, the following occurs:

acid + base → salt + water
For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions:

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Since the HCl and NaOH dissociate into ions in solution, the ionic equation is:

H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + H2O(l)
And since the sodium and chloride ions are just spectator ions not involved in the reaction, the net equation becomes:

H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l) : ΔrH = −55.90 kJ mol−1
This illustrates why neutralization reactions are also referred to as water forming reactions. Of course the sodium and chloride ions are still in solution so the result is pH neutral salt water.

2007-02-06 17:42:39 補充：
Neutralization(chemistry)即是中和作用.......常見例子是酸和鹼..........即是以同等分量的酸和鹼混合, 形成中性的液體.....水過程稱為中和作用...........hope to help you.................