關於孫中山

Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙; November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both mainland China and Taiwan.
Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly-founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party bring about consolidation of power over the country. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood/welfare), which still influence Chinese government today.




Sun Yat-sen


圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0b/SunYatSen.jpg/226px-SunYatSen.jpg


Names (details)

Known in English as:
Sun Yat-sen

Chinese:
孫逸仙

Hanyu Pinyin:
Sūn Yìxiān

Wade-Giles:
Sun I-hsien

Cantonese::
Sun Yat-sen

Known to Chinese as:
孫中山

Hanyu Pinyin:
Sūn Zhōngshān

Wade-Giles:
Sun Chung-shan

Family name:
Sun

Traditional Chinese:
孫

Simplified Chinese:
孙

Given
names

Register name :
Deming (德明)

Milk name :
Dixiang (帝象)

School name :
Wen (文)

Courtesy name :
Zaizhi (載之)

Pseudonym :
Rixin (日新), later


Yixian (逸仙),


pronounced similarly
in Cantonese (Yat
San, Yat Sin, resp.)

Alias :
Zhongshan (中山)

Alias in Japan:
Nakayama Shō (中山樵)

Styled:
Guofu (國父), i.e.


“Father of the Nation”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat_Sen

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Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙; November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both mainland China and Taiwan.

Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly-founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party bring about consolidation of power over the country. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood/welfare), which still influence Chinese government today.

Contents [hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Early years
2 Transformation into a revolutionary
2.1 From exile to Wuchang Uprising
2.2 Republic of China
2.3 Guangzhou militarist government
2.4 Path to Northern Expedition and death
3 Legacy
3.1 Power struggle
3.2 Father of the Nation
3.3 Sun's posthumous popularity on Mainland China
3.4 Sun and the overseas Chinese
4 Names
5 See also
6 References
7 External links



[edit] Biography

Sun Yat-sen (back row, fifth from left) and his family.
[edit] Early years
On November 12, 1866, Sun Yat-sen(孫中山) was born to a peasant family in the village of Cuiheng(翠亨村), Xiangshan county (中山縣), Guangzhou prefecture(廣州省), Guangdong province (26 km or 16 miles north of Macao) and spoke the Zhongshan dialect of Cantonese. When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the name of Xiangshan was changed to Zhongshan in his honor.

After receiving a few years of local school, at age thirteen, Sun went to live with his elder brother, Sun Mei, in Honolulu. Sun Mei, who was twelve years Sun Yat-sen's senior, had emigrated to Hawaii as a laborer and had become a prosperous merchant. Though Sun Mei was not always supportive of Sun's later revolutionary activities, he supported his brother financially, allowing Sun to give up his professional career. Sun Yat-sen studied at the prestigious Iolani School where he learned English, mathematics and science. Originally unable to speak the English language, Sun Yat-sen picked up the language so quickly that he received a prize for outstanding achievement in English from King David Kalakaua. Sun then enrolled in Oahu College, now Punahou School, for further studies but he was soon sent home to China as his brother was becoming afraid that Sun Yat-sen was about to embrace Christianity. While at Iolani, he befriended Tong Phong, who later founded the First Chinese-American Bank.

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Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙; November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both mainland China and Taiwan.

Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly-founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party bring about consolidation of power over the country. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood/welfare), which still influence Chinese government today.

Contents [hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Early years
2 Transformation into a revolutionary
2.1 From exile to Wuchang Uprising
2.2 Republic of China
2.3 Guangzhou militarist government
2.4 Path to Northern Expedition and death
3 Legacy
3.1 Power struggle
3.2 Father of the Nation
3.3 Sun's posthumous popularity on Mainland China
3.4 Sun and the overseas Chinese
4 Names
5 See also
6 References
7 External links



[edit] Biography

Sun Yat-sen (back row, fifth from left) and his family.
[edit] Early years
On November 12, 1866, Sun Yat-sen(孫中山) was born to a peasant family in the village of Cuiheng(翠亨村), Xiangshan county (中山縣), Guangzhou prefecture(廣州省), Guangdong province (26 km or 16 miles north of Macao) and spoke the Zhongshan dialect of Cantonese. When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the name of Xiangshan was changed to Zhongshan in his honor.

After receiving a few years of local school, at age thirteen, Sun went to live with his elder brother, Sun Mei, in Honolulu. Sun Mei, who was twelve years Sun Yat-sen's senior, had emigrated to Hawaii as a laborer and had become a prosperous merchant. Though Sun Mei was not always supportive of Sun's later revolutionary activities, he supported his brother financially, allowing Sun to give up his professional career. Sun Yat-sen studied at the prestigious Iolani School where he learned English, mathematics and science. Originally unable to speak the English language, Sun Yat-sen picked up the language so quickly that he received a prize for outstanding achievement in English from King David Kalakaua. Sun then enrolled in Oahu College, now Punahou School, for further studies but he was soon sent home to China as his brother was becoming afraid that Sun Yat-sen was about to embrace Christianity. While at Iolani, he befriended Tong Phong, who later founded the First Chinese-American Bank.

Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙; November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both mainland China and Taiwan.
Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly-founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party bring about consolidation of power over the country. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood/welfare), which still influence Chinese government today.
Sun Yat-sen

圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0b/SunYatSen.jpg/226px-SunYatSen.jpg
Names (details) Known in English as: Sun Yat-sen Chinese: 孫逸仙 Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Yìxiān Wade-Giles: Sun I-hsien Cantonese:: Sun Yat-sen Known to Chinese as: 孫中山 Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Zhōngshān Wade-Giles: Sun Chung-shan Family name: Sun Traditional Chinese: 孫 Simplified Chinese: 孙 Given names Register name : Deming (德明) Milk name : Dixiang (帝象) School name : Wen (文) Courtesy name : Zaizhi (載之) Pseudonym : Rixin (日新), later
Yixian (逸仙),
pronounced similarly
in Cantonese (Yat
San, Yat Sin, resp.) Alias : Zhongshan (中山) Alias in Japan: Nakayama Shō (中山樵) Styled: Guofu (國父), i.e.
“Father of the Nation”

Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙; November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both mainland China and Taiwan.

On November 12, 1866, Sun Yat-sen(孫中山) was born to a peasant family in the village of Cuiheng(翠亨村), Xiangshan county (中山縣), Guangzhou prefecture(廣州省), Guangdong province (26 km or 16 miles north of Macao) and spoke the Zhongshan dialect of Cantonese. When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the name of Xiangshan was changed to Zhongshan in his honor.

Sun studied English at the Anglican Diocesan Home and Orphanage (currently Diocesan Boys' School) in Hong Kong. In April 1884, Sun was transferred to the Central School of Hong Kong (later renamed Queen's College). Sun was later baptized in Hong Kong by an American missionary of the Congregational Church of the United States, to his brother's disdain. Sun pictured a revolution as similar to the salvation mission of the Christian church. His conversion to Christianity was related to his revolutionary ideals and push for advancement. As a result, his baptismal name, Rixin (日新), literally means "daily renewal."

During and after the Qing Dynasty rebellion, Sun was a leader within Tiandihui, a precursor to modern triad groups. Tiandihui provided much of Sun's funding. His protégé, Chiang Kai Shek, was also a member of Tiandihui .

Sun went to Hawaii in October 1894 and founded the Revive China Society to unveil the goal of a prospering China and as the platform for future revolutionary activities. Members were drawn mainly from fellow Cantonese expatriates and from the lower social classes.

From exile to Wuchang Uprising
In 1895 a coup he plotted failed, and for the next sixteen years Sun was an exile in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan, raising money for his revolutionary party and bankrolling uprisings in China. In Japan, where he was known as Nakayama Shō (Kanji: 中山樵, lit. The Woodcutter of Middle Mountain), he joined dissident Chinese groups (which later became the Tongmenghui) and soon became their leader. He was expelled from Japan due to fears of the large level of support he had there and went to the States.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen