32吋LCD TV輸入端子問題

Composite AV, the most primitive way to connect to a video source, like DVD player. Very stable but with the worst picture quality because all video signal is transmitted by one cable.
S-video is just better than composite AV by dividing black/white and color video signal so the quality is a little bit better.
Component cables divide the colors into three and transmitted by three separate cables. The interference therefore can be minimised and so it is the best among all three analogue medium of transmission.
D-sub is in fact VGA used for computer video signal input. It is also an analogue transmission.
DVI is a digital video interface which gives the best video signal transmission. As it trasmit digital signal, the loss of data over transmission can be minimised, not like analogue transmission.
HDMI is a digital video and audio interface. It replaces DVI as it transmit both video and audio signal through one cable so it is all in one.

There is no way that you can connect your TV with a headphone if without a headphone jack. What you can do is connect your TV audio to an amplifier with an earphone jack, turn off the TV volume and use the amplifier to output sound.