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vi. (不及物動詞 intransitive verb)
An intransitive verb is a verb that has only one argument, that is, a verb with valency equal to one. In more familiar terms, an intransitive verb has a subject but does not have an object. For example, in English, the verbs sleep, die, and swim, are intransitive.
vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb)
a transitive verb is a verb that requires both a subject and one or more objects. Some examples of sentences with transitive verbs:
- Mary sees John. (John is the direct object of "sees")
- You lifted the bag. (bag is the direct object of "lifted")
- I punished you. (you is the direct object of "punished")
- I give you the book. (book is the direct object of "give" and "you" is the indirect object
of "give")
Those transitive verbs that are able to take both a direct object and an indirect object are called ditransitive; an example is the verb give above. Verbs that require a single object are called monotransitive. There are a few verbs that take on the tritransitive form, which requires four arguments as opposed to needing three for a ditransitive verb or just two for a transitive verb.