✔ 最佳答案
歷史(history),泛指所有事物的演變過程,一般專指人類社會與文明的演變情形,某種事物的發展過程或個人的經歷,簡而言之,即為對過去事實的記載,唐太宗曾說:「以史為鏡,可以知興衰,」歷史可提供今人理解過去,作為未來行事的參考依據。
[編輯] 定義
《蘇聯大百科全書》對「歷史」(История)的定義:
(История,來自希臘語historia,意味對於過去事件的敘述,對於已認知的、研究過的事件的敘述。)1. 自然界和社會上任何事件的發展過程。宇宙史、地球史、各個學科史——物理史、數學史、法律史等均可列入這一含義。2. 一門研究人類社會具體的和多樣性的過去之學科,以解釋人類社會具體的現在和未來遠景作為宗旨。
[編輯] 「歷史」的字義
您可以在維基詞典中查找此百科條目的詞義解釋:
歷史中文的「歷史」最早僅存有「史」一字。許慎《說文解字》說:「史,記事者也;從又持中,中,正也。」便指出「史」的本意即記事者,也就是「史官」。由此引申,則代表被史官被紀錄的事,換句話說,即所有被文字紀錄的過去事情。而「歷」乃近代日本學者為翻譯英文「history」而附加之輔助義,其意味著人類所經歷過的事情,在意義上其概括範圍遠較「史」字為之大。在西方,多數語言的「歷史」一詞源出自希臘文historia,意為「調查、探究」。
[編輯] 維基百科收入的歷史資料
[編輯] 地區歷史
世界通史|民族史|亞洲史|歐洲史|北美洲史 |非洲史|拉丁美洲史|大洋洲史|南極洲史
[編輯] 按時間排列的歷史
大事年表|史前史|古代史|近代史|現代史
As an academic field, history is the study of past human activities and is generally considered a social science. History can also refer to actual events that have happened in the past. Traditionally, historians have attempted to answer these questions through the study of written documents, although historical research is not limited merely to these sources. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three.
Historians frequently emphasize the importance of written records, which universally date to the development of writing. This emphasis has led to the term prehistory, referring to a time before written sources are available. Since writing emerged at different times throughout the world, the distinction between prehistory and history often depends on the topic.
As a field of study, history encompasses many subfields and ancillary fields. These include chronology, historiography, archeology, genealogy, paleography, and cliometrics, among many others.
The scope of the human past has naturally led scholars to divide that time into manageable pieces for study. There are a variety of ways in which the past can be divided, including chronologically, culturally, and topically. These three divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlap is often present, as in "The Argentine Labor Movement in an Age of Transition, 1930–1945". It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both very specific and very general locations, times, and topics, although the trend has been toward specialization.