要金庸的英文生平

Louis Cha or Zha Liangyong (sometimes Cha Leung Yung), OBE (born June 6, 1924), known to most by his penname Jinyong (Jin Yong) or Kam-yung (Cantonese), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists who is also the co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao.

He is widely regarded as the finest Chinese wuxia ("martial arts and chivalry") writer, a reputation that is based on some 15 wuxia novels and short stories he wrote between 1955 and 1972. He has a widespread following in all Chinese-speaking areas, including mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. His books have sold over 300 million copies worldwide (over 1 billion if one includes bootleg copies)[1], making him by far the best-selling Chinese author still alive.

His works have been translated into Korean, English, Japanese, French, Vietnamese, Indonesian and Thai and he has many fans abroad as well, thanks to the numerous adaptations of his works made into films, television series, and video games.

Contents [hide]
1 Biography
2 Decorations and conferments
3 Novels
3.1 Couplet
3.2 Editions
3.3 Themes
3.4 Criticisms
4 Characters
4.1 Leading Male Characters
4.2 Leading Female Characters
4.3 The Five Supreme Martial Artists (五絕)
4.4 Dugu Qiu Bai (獨孤求敗)
4.5 Adaptation of Actual Historical Figures
5 Schools
6 Timeline
7 Jinyong in English
8 Adaptations and Video-Game Entertainment
9 External links
10 References

[edit] Biography
A native of Haining county, Zhejiang province, China, Cha is the second of seven children from an illustrious family of scholars; his grandfather was a jinshi. Cha was an avid reader of literature from an early age, especially of wuxia fiction. He first studied at Zhejiang Province Jiaxing High School, and was admitted to the Faculty of Foreign Languages in Chunking Central University[citation needed]. He later transferred to the Faculty of Law at Dongwu University to major in International Law.

In 1947, Cha entered Shanghai's newspaper Ta Kung Pao as a journalist. One year later, he was posted to the Hong Kong division as a copyeditor. When Cha was transferred to Hsin Wan Pao as Deputy Editor, he met Chen Wentong, who in 1953 wrote his first wuxia novel under the pseudonym Liang Yusheng (梁羽生). Chen and Cha became good friends, and it was under the former's influence that Cha began work on his first serialized martial arts novel, The Romance of the Book and Sword, in 1955. In 1957, while still working on wuxia serializations, he quit his previous job and worked as a scenarist-director and scriptwriter at the Great Wall Movie Enterprises Ltd and Phoenix Film Company.

In 1959, together with fellow high-school mate Shen Pao Sing (沈寶新), Cha founded the Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao. Cha served as its Editor-in-Chief for years, writing both serialized novels and editorials. His editorials were well respected, and Ming Pao gained a reputation as one of Hong Kong's most highly rated press. Cha wrote his last wuxia novel in 1972, after which he officially retired from writing, and spent the remaining years of that decade editing and revising his literary works instead. The first complete definitive edition of his works appear in 1979.

By then, Cha's martial arts novels have earned great popularity in Chinese-speaking areas. All of his novels have since been adapted into films, TV series and radio series in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. The important characters in his novels are so well-known to the public that they can be alluded to with ease between all three regions.
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