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The Pacific War was the part of World War II — and preceding conflicts — that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in East Asia, between July 7, 1937, and August 14, 1945. The most decisive actions took place after the Empire of Japan attacked various countries, later known as the Allies (or Allied powers), on or after December 7, 1941, including an attack on United States forces at Pearl Harbor.

Today, most Japanese also use the term "Pacific War" (太平洋戦争, Taiheiyō Sensō), while a few Japanese use the term "Greater East Asia War" (大東亜戦争, Dai Tō-A Sensō).
Participants
The major Allied participant was the United States. China, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Canada, Mexico and the Free France also played a role. Many other countries also took part, including forces from other members of British Commonwealth. The Soviet Union fought two short, undeclared border conflicts (Battle of Lake Khasan and Battle of Khalkhin Gol) with Japan in 1938 and 1939, then remained neutral until August 1945, when it joined the Allies and invaded Manchukuo.

The Axis states which assisted Japan included the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the National Government of China (which controlled the coastal regions of China). Thailand joined the Axis powers under duress. Japan enlisted many soldiers from its colonies of Korea and Taiwan. German and Italian naval forces operated in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.


Theatres of the Pacific War
Between 1942 and 1945, there were four main theatres in the Pacific War, corresponding with and defined by the major Allied commands in the war against Japan: China, the Pacific Ocean theatre, the South East Asian theatre and the South West Pacific theatre.

It should be noted that U.S. sources often refer to two major theaters within the Pacific War: the Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO) and the China Burma India Theater (CBI). In the PTO, the U.S. military divided operational control of its forces between two Allied supreme commands known as Pacific Ocean Areas and Southwest Pacific Area. U.S. forces operating in the CBI were technically under the operational command of either the Allied South East Asia Command or that of China's Generalissimo, Chiang Kai Shek.

For brief periods in both 1939 and 1945, there was another theater: Mongolia and north-east China, where Soviet and Korean nationalist forces also engaged Japan.


Conflict between Japan and China
The roots of the war began in the late 19th century with China in political chaos and Japan rapidly modernizing. Over the course of the late 19th century and early 20th century, Japan intervened and finally annexed Korea and expanded its political and economic influence into China, particularly Manchuria. This expansion of power was aided by the fact that by the 1910s, China had fragmented into warlordism with only a weak and ineffective central government.

However, the situation of a weak China unable to resist Japanese demands appeared to be changing toward the end of the 1920s. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang led the Northern Expedition. Chiang was able to defeat the warlords in southern and central China, and was in the process of securing the nominal allegiance of the warlords in northern China. Fearing that Zhang Xueliang (the warlord controlling Manchuria) was about to declare his allegiance for Chiang, the Japanese staged the Mukden Incident and set up the puppet state of Manchukuo. The nominal Emperor of this puppet state was better known as Henry Pu Yi of the defunct Qing Dynasty.

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