最佳回答即取20分:Quis custodiet ipsos custodes即係咩(拉丁文)??

在看《弗里德曼的生活经济学》，上面这个标题就来自其中，翻译成中文是“谁来监督监督者”。这是个挺有意思的命题。

公司通过固定的薪水雇佣了很多员工，监督者的职责就是确保员工做好了本职工作，让公司利润最大化。那么谁来监督监督者？谁又来监督监督者的监督者？

一种做法是让最高级别的监督者享有剩余所取权，公司的净收入跟他的收入挂钩。有时候这个方法也会被局部采用，比如让部门经理享有部门行政经费的剩余所有权，结果就是各种开支能减则减，部门经理盼望着从最后的剩余中分一杯羹。

另一种更常见的做法是股份制公司，由股东选举出的董事会所选派的经理做最高级别的监督者。这种看似不够可靠，但是股份制公司是可以被整个收购的，当它经营不善的时候，其他人会收购这家公司，将管理层换血。这样的公司一般也会有期权之类的激励制度，用股价的提升作为胡萝卜。

"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" is a Latin phrase that translates to
----------------"Who will guard the guards?" 誰將守衛衛兵or
-----------"Who shall watch the watchers themselves?"誰將觀看看守人

The question was first asked by Plato in the Republic, his great work on government and morality. The perfect society as described by Socrates, the main character of the work, relies on laborers, slaves, and tradesmen. The guardian class is to protect the city. The question is put to Socrates, who will guard the guardians? or, who will protect us against the protectors? Plato's answer to this is: they will guard themselves against themselves. We must tell the guardians a noble lie. The noble lie will inform them that they are better than those they serve and it is, therefore, their responsibility to guard and protect those lesser than themselves. We will instill in them a distaste for power or privilege, they will rule because they believe it right, not because they desire it.

The saying has since been used by many people to ponder the insoluble question of where ultimate power should reside. The answer for the United States was found in the separation of powers. Never give ultimate power to any one group; the executive, legislative, or judicial; have the interests of each compete and conflict. Each group will then find it in its best interest to impede the functioning of the rest and this will keep ultimate power under constant struggle and, thereby, out of any one group's hands. Similarly in the United Kingdom power is split between the executive (the Government as run by the controlling party of the day decided by universal suffrage), the legislative (Parliament, made up of members of many political parties) and the judiciary.