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A public space for people
In The Companion Guide to Venice, Hugh Honour describes the Piazza San Marco as "beautiful at all times of day or night and all seasons of the year. It is one of the few delicate works of architecture that can absorb a bustling vulgar crowd without loss of dignity; a great city square which retains a feeling of animation when there are few people in it."

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Jan Morris, the noted travel writer who lived for several years in Venice, says "the great Piazza of St. Mark's is at its very best on a hot day early in summer, when visitors from the four corners of the earth are inspecting its marvels, and Venice is one great itchy palm." Morris adds: "The patterned floor of the Piazza is thick with pigeons, and two or three women at little trestle stalls are invitingly rattling their packets of maize... On every step or balustrade, on the ledges around the base of the Campanile, on the supports of the two columns of the Piazzetta, around the flagstaffs, beside the little porphyry lions--wherever there is a square foot of sitting space, hundreds of young people have settled like birds, spreading their skirts and books around them." (NOTE: These passages are taken from Morris's The World of Venice, which is indispensable background reading for any Venetophile.)
Napoleon called the Piazza San Marco "the finest drawing room in Europe." That description may have been a little off-base--there's no ceiling, and where's the sofa?--but the fact remains that St. Mark's is a far nicer place for sitting and schmoozing than the average living room or hotel lobby. What's more, the square is bordered by historic buildings and represents the focal point of Venice's water transport system. Toss in pigeons and outdoor caff鋊, and you've got a spot that Thomas Coryate described as "the fairest place of all the citie" in 1611--the year when the King James Bible was first published.
Not a square at all
"St. Mark's Square" is a misnomer, as the accompanying photo suggests. Those slanting arcades aren't just the result of false perspective; the "square" is actually a trapezoid. Its shape, which flares outward from its enclosed end, makes the Piazza appear even more spacious when viewed from the Ala Napoleonica (the arcaded building at the top of the photograph).
The square--let's not be pedantic!--was laid out in the 11th Century, when its area was divided in half by a canal near the caf?tables in the picture. A century later, the canal was filled in, creating the basic shape that exists today.
A major building project got underway in the 16th Century, and new stone paving replaced the old bricks in the early 1700s. The geometric patterns of Istrian stone add to the illusion of depth, although they've also been used to mark the locations of traders' stalls at various times. (In Venice, a city of traders, art and business have long enjoyed a peaceful coexistence.)

Piazza San Marco, often known in English as St Mark's Square, is the principal square of Venice at 45°26′2″N, 12°20′15″ECoordinates: 45°26′2″N, 12°20′15″E.A remark often attributed to Napoleon (but perhaps more correctly to Alfred de Musset) calls the Piazza San Marco "the drawing room of Europe." It is the only great urban space in a European city where human voices prevail over the sounds of motorized traffic, which is confined to Venice's waterways. It is the only urban space called a piazza in Venice; the others, regardless of size, are called campi.

History

The Piazza originated in the 9th century as a small area in front of the original St Mark's Basilica. It was enlarged to its present size and shape in 1177, when the Rio Batario, which had bounded it to the west, and a dock, which had isolated the Doge's Palace from the square, were filled in. The rearrangement was for the meeting of Pope Alexander III and the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.It was the location of all the important offices of the Venetian state, and has been the seat of the archbishopric since the 19th century.



Buildings


圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Venice_piazza_san_marco.jpg/250px-Venice_piazza_san_marco.jpg



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Piazza San Marco
The buildings around the Piazza are, anti-clockwise from the Grand Canal, the Doge's Palace, St Mark's Basilica, St Mark's Clocktower, the Procuratie Vecchie, the Napoleonic Wing of the Procuraties, the Procuratie Nuove, St Mark's Campanile and Logetta and the Biblioteca Marciana. Most of the ground floor of the Procuraties is occupied by cafés, including the Caffè Florian and Gran Caffè Quadri. The Correr Museum and the Museum of Archaeology are located in some of the buildings of the Piazza. The Venetian Mint lies beyond the Biblioteca Marciana on the riva or bank of the Grand Canal.



Pavement


圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/View_of_St_Marks_Place_Venice_Sixteenth_Century_after_Cesare_Vecellio.png/180px-View_of_St_Marks_Place_Venice_Sixteenth_Century_after_Cesare_Vecellio.png



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View of the Piazzetta in the 16th century, after Cesare Vecellio.In 1723 the bricks were replaced with a more complex geometrical pavement design composed of a field of dark-colored igneous trachyte with geometrical designs executed in white Istrian stone, similar to travertine. The squares were pitched to the center, like a bowl, where a drain conducted surface water into a below-grade drainage system. This line more closely parallels the façade of the Procuratie Vechhie, leaving a nearly triangular space adjacent to the Procuratie Nuove with its wider end closed off by the Campanile. A smaller version of the same pattern in the Piazzetta paralleled Sansovino's Library, leaving a narrow trapezoid adjacent to the Doge's palace with the wide end closed off by the southwest corner of the Basilica. This smaller pattern had the internal squares inclined to form non-orthogonal quadrilaterals.


圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Piazza_San_Marco_Basilica.jpg/200px-Piazza_San_Marco_Basilica.jpg



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St Mark's Basilica
The design was laid out by Venetian architect Andrea Tirali. Little is known about Tirali's reasoning for the particulars of the design. at least to recall their former presence in the square. Others believe the pattern may have been drawn from oriental rugs, which were a popular luxury item in this trading center. The overall alignment of the pavement pattern serves to visually lengthen the long axis and reinforce the position of the Basilica at its head.

Flooding



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Piazza San Marco in December
The Piazza San Marco is the lowest point in Venice, and as a result during the Acqua Alta the "high water" from storm surges from the Adriatic, or even heavy rain, it is the first to flood. Water pouring into the drains in the Piazza runs directly into the Grand Canal.



The Piazzetta


圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/CanalettoSanMarco.jpg/200px-CanalettoSanMarco.jpg



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The Basilica's facade and the Doge's Palace facing the Piazzetta by Canaletto, 1740s.


圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Piazzetta_dei_Leoncini.JPG/200px-Piazzetta_dei_Leoncini.JPG



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The Piazzetta as it appears in 2006.