請回答我薯條(French Fries)是哪個國家的發明和它的起源.

薯條是一種把馬鈴薯切成條狀後油炸而成的食品，是最常見的快餐食品之一，流行於美國及歐洲等地。也有工業化生產的薯條是由打碎的馬鈴薯泥壓製成條狀再油炸的。
自製薯條一般是將薯條放入190-200攝氏度的熱油中炸至金黃而成，大多數餐館的薯條則是先用175度左右的油炸，在薯條還未變黃前取出放涼，再用190-200度的熱油炸約一分鐘即成。
History
Many possible claims as to the origin of "French fries" exist.

[edit] Culinary origin of the term
The straightforward explanation of the term "French fried potatoes" is that it means "potatoes fried in the French manner": the verb fry can mean either sautéing or deep-fat frying, while French 'frire' unambiguously means deep frying. Thomas Jefferson, famous for serving French dishes, referred to fried potatoes in this way.[1]
It is sometimes suggested that the verb "to french" originally meant to julienne-cut.[2] But this term refers specifically to trimming the meat off the shanks of chops[3] and is not attested until after "French fried potatoes" had appeared.

隨著炸薯條的風靡全球，土豆這種大地對人類的恩賜，最終透過工業式的農業轉變為人類健康和環境的惡夢。

　　炸薯條的發明起源於法國或比利時，兩國尚存歧見。總之，在1830年左右，炸薯條已經風靡歐洲。據說，第一次世界大戰後，曾在歐洲參戰的美國老兵把吃薯條的習慣帶回美國。隨著麥當勞等連鎖店相繼開業，進一步拓寬了炸薯條的市場。在美國，4個主要的土豆品種生長在72%的土豆地上。

　　今日，典型的美國人每人每年進食約30磅的炸薯條，當中九成都是在快餐連鎖店消費。

　　配合工業式農業滿足市場需求、追求豐產、統一品質保證、以利益為原則的要求，基因技術近二十多年來泛濫於世界農產品市場，可消費者的知情權卻從未得到保障。像由美國Monsanto公司開發的轉基因土豆品種Burbank，據說在每個土豆的細胞中都具有防蟲害基因，面對這種未經標籤的轉基因農產品，每一個熱愛土豆食品的人，都要被迫處於不受防的位置了。

Many possible claims as to the origin of "French fries" exist.


[edit] Culinary origin of the term
The straightforward explanation of the term "French fried potatoes" is that it means "potatoes fried in the French manner": the verb fry can mean either sautéing or deep-fat frying, while French 'frire' unambiguously means deep frying. Thomas Jefferson, famous for serving French dishes, referred to fried potatoes in this way.[1]

It is sometimes suggested that the verb "to french" originally meant to julienne-cut.[2] But this term refers specifically to trimming the meat off the shanks of chops[3] and is not attested until after "French fried potatoes" had appeared.


[edit] Belgium
The Belgians are noted for claiming that French fries are Belgian in origin, but have presented no definitive evidence. Whether they were invented in Belgium or elsewhere, they quickly became Belgium's national dish, making Belgians at least their "symbolic" creators in Europe as well as their heaviest consumers,[citation needed] spending an average of €6.01 annually (2002, consumption in fast food restaurants not counted separately).[4]

Jo Gerard, a Belgian historian, recounts that potatoes were already fried in 1680, in the area of "the Meuse valley between Dinant and Liège, Belgium. The poor inhabitants of this region allegedly had the custom of accompanying their meals with small fried fish, but when the river was frozen and they were unable to fish, they cut potatoes lengthwise and fried them in oil to accompany their meals."[5]

The name 'frite' lends itself to puns with the name 'Fritz'. In 1857, the newspaper "Courrier de Verviers" devotes an article to Fritz, a Belgian entrepreneur selling French fries at fairs, calling him "le roi des pommes de terre frites". In 1862 a fries shack (Frietkot, see below) called "Max en Fritz" was established near Het Steen in Antwerp.[6]

Another Belgian legend claims that the term "French" was introduced when English soldiers arrived in Belgium during World War I, and consequently tasted Belgian fries. The supposedly called them "French" because the official language of the Belgian army at that time was French.[7][8] This story is of course impossible since the term "French fried potatoes" was in common use long before the War.


[edit] France
Many attribute the dish to France—though in France they are often thought of as Belgian—and offer as evidence a notation by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson. "Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small slices" are noted in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801) and the recipe almost certainly comes from his French chef, Honoré Julien. In addition, from 1813[9] on recipes for what can be described as "French fries" occur in popular American cookbooks. Recipes for fried potatoes in French cookbooks date back at least to Menon's Les soupers de la cour (1755). Eliza Warren's cookbook The economical cookery book for housewives, cooks, and maids-of-all-work, with hints to the mistress and servant used the term "French fried potatoes" in around 1856.[10]

It is true that eating potatoes was promoted in France by Parmentier, but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular. And the name of the dish in languages other than English does not refer to France; indeed, in French, they are simply called "pommes de terres frites" or, more commonly, simply "pomme frites" or "frites".

During the controversy over Freedom Fries, French people from around the world repeated the story that the food was actually Belgian, or at least, a Belgian speciality.

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