a) the high charge density and water solubility of heparin are due to its disaccharide repeating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
b) When stearic acid (18:0) is shaken with water and a drop is tested for color change with pH paper, the color indicates approximately pH4
c) Products of amino acid breakdown and transported to the kidney for excretion in the urine. The transport forms include glutamine, alanine, urea and NH4+.