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李嘉誠
李嘉誠(1928年7月29日—)是香港國際企業家,廣東潮州人。他創立香港最大的企業集團長江集團,跨足了房地產、能源業、網路業、電信業、甚至是媒體。是香港及亞洲首富,也是世界上最富有的華人資本家,綽號「李超人」,據2006年《富比士》雜誌的統計,李嘉誠的總資產值高達188億美元,居世界第10位。
簡歷
李生於廣東潮州一個教師家庭。日本侵華期間與家人逃難至香港。此後日本佔領香港,加上父親亡故,所以輟學從商,成為手錶錶帶售貨員,當時僅12歲。李嘉誠1945年入行時只有17歲,但19歲時就己成為公司的總經理。他的天生做生意天份在這時已經顯現。
1949年,他在香港以7,000美元成立長江塑膠廠參與當時最重要的出口商品──膠花販賣,李嘉誠感慨良多,充滿激情:「當年的長江塑膠廠只是生產一些普通塑膠玩具和家庭用品,經由出口洋行運銷歐美。在最初10年間,每星期要工作7天,每天至少工作16小時,晚上還要自修,加上工廠人手不夠,自己要身兼買貨、接單等工作,經常睡眠不足,早上必須以兩個鬧鐘起床,可說是每天最難過的時刻。」
1958年轉型投資地產,成立長江實業,開始快速累積財富。1979年9月25日李嘉誠宣佈從匯豐銀行買入英資第二大洋行──和記黃埔取得控制權。1985年全面收購港島區及南丫島的電力供應商香港電燈公司。1989年中國大陸發生六四天安門事件,在當時外資企業大舉撤資的時候,李嘉誠反而大舉進軍中國大陸市場,成為香港在中國大陸的最大投資者,北京的大型綜合物業項目「東方廣場」就是他在中國大陸的「得意之作」。後來李嘉誠把中國大陸的投資項目組成長江基建。長江基建在中國的能源建設佔有很重要的份量。
根據美國《富比士》2004年2月號的排名,李嘉誠在世界富豪榜裡排行第19位,超越了傳媒大亨梅鐸。李嘉誠家族的總財產曾一度逼近香港總資產的四分之一。可以說是權傾朝野,長期獨佔香港建設資源,令香港商界財團側目與不滿。
財政雜誌《富比士》公佈最新2005年的全球百大十億美元富翁,李嘉誠以財富188億美元排名第十。
Li Ka Shing, GBM, KBE (Traditional Chinese: 李嘉誠; pinyin: Lǐ Jiāchéng, Jyutping: Lei5 Gaa1-sing4, Li2 Gia1-sêng5 gdr, born July 29, 1928), is the richest person of Chinese descent in the world, the second richest person in Asia, and the 10th richest man in the world[2]. Presently, he is the Chairman of Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL) and Cheung Kong Holdings in Hong Kong.
A Harvard Business School article summarizes Li's career in the following way:
From his humble beginnings in China as a teacher’s son, a refugee, and later as a salesman, Li provides a lesson in integrity and adaptability. Through hard work, and a reputation for remaining true to his internal moral compass, he was able to build a business empire that includes: banking, construction, real estate, plastics, cellular phones, satellite television, cement production, retail outlets (pharmacies and supermarkets), hotels, domestic transportation (sky train), airports, electric power, steel production, ports, and shipping.[3]
Considered one of the most powerful figures in Asia, Li was named "Asia's Most Powerful Man" by Asiaweek in 2000. Forbes Magazine and the Forbes family honored Li Ka-shing with the first ever "Malcolm S. Forbes Lifetime Achieve Award," September 5, 2006, in Singapore. On March 9, 2006, Forbes ranked him as 10th richest man in the world at US$18.8 billion; he has since gained one rank due to the death of Kenneth Thomson. In spite of his wealth, Li has a reputation for leading a no-frills lifestyle, and is known to wear simple black dress shoes and an inexpensive Seiko wristwatch.
Li is also a noted philanthropist; his 1981 donations resulted in the founding of Shantou University, near his hometown of Chaozhou. After the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake disaster, he reportedly pledged a total of US$3 million. In 2005, Li announced a HK$1 billion (US$128 million) donation to the University of Hong Kong, which provoked controversy over the public status of the university. To date, Mr. Li has given away well over (US)$1 billion in philanthropy.