關於放射性的問題~望詳細解答~

1. beta particles, or electrons cause ionization by either exciting an orbital electron of the air particles or, if the energy transferred is sufficient (greater than the binding energy of the orbital electron), the orbital electron will be rejected from the atom and is subsequently identified as a secondary electron.
gamma rays, or photons, is an indirect ionizing radiation. photon interacts with the atom, a secondary electron will be produced and causes ionization. there are 3 main ways of photon interactions and depends on which energy of photons you have, each type of interaction has its own probability at the specific energy range.

2. the range of alpha particles are low because its heavy ions (helium nuclei). heavy ions have high LET (linear energy transfer). due to the size and charge of alpha paricles, for any energy, due to the heavy mass they possess, they travel relatively slow. that means the particles have more time to interact and cause more ionization per unit path length.

3. for some radioisotopes that go through beta decay, after an electron is rejected from the mother, the daughter (the product) may become a new material. thie new material, if only one electron was emitted from the mother, the proton number of the material will be 1 more than the mother. the "new" proton was actually converted from a neutron of the mother (by changes in the quarks in neutron, i won't say too much of this, this is getting into particle physics and i'm not sure if you want to know it...). anyway, the outcome of that is based on the law of conservation, and in this case, the conservation of charge. (it's actually deeper than it, but again, it'll be going into particle physics)

1.β 係帶 -1 當佢接近空氣粒子既時候 因為佢帶-1 電荷 空氣中粒子既電子會同β產生排斥力
依個力大過粒子核心既吸引力 所以電子就會比斥走 由此粒子成為正電荷(核心吸引力會隨機將空氣中既電子吸引,形成負電荷)
γ不帶電荷 只透過撞擊空氣粒子導致電子比撞走
3.因為電子守恆