脊柱側彎的英文名是什麼?

脊柱側彎的英文是Scoliosis。
脊柱側彎(Scoliosis) 是指部分的脊柱向側面彎曲的現象。脊柱側彎可能是先天性的，常合併發生於脊椎裂或腦性麻庳的病患身上。青春期的脊柱側彎常是找不到原因的，亦即在脊柱上找不到任何畸形的現象，常發現在胸椎部分；其常見形成的原因有姿勢不良以及兩腿不等長，大部分罹患者在矯正姿勢或墊高鞋跟後，脊柱側彎的現象便會消失。
功能性脊柱惻彎常發生在十歲左右孩童身上，尤其是罹患者向前九十度彎腰時，便能明顯發現背部兩側肩胛骨有高低不等的現象。少數肋骨或脊椎腫瘤，代謝性疾病以及肺氣腫，亦會出現脊柱側彎的現象，此時罹患者或許會主訴容易疲勞、背痛，甚至呼吸困難；少數罹患者需要接受脊椎融合術的治療，但大部分在給予穿背甲矯正，及運動後都能改善。

What is scoliosis?





圖片參考：http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/brochure/images/cons1_22_14.jpg

Everyone's spine has natural curves. These curves round our shoulders and make our lower back curve slightly inward. But some people have spines that also curve from side to side. Unlike poor posture, these curves can't be corrected simply by learning to stand up straight.

This condition of side-to-side spinal curves is called scoliosis. On an X-ray, the spine of an individual with scoliosis looks more like an "S" or a "C" than a straight line. Some of the bones in a scoliotic spine also may have rotated slightly, making the person's waist or shoulders appear uneven.




Who gets scoliosis?
Scoliosis affects a small percentage of the population, approximately 2 percent. However, scoliosis runs in families. If someone in a family has scoliosis, the likelihood of an incidence is much higher - approximately 20 percent. If anyone in your family has curvature of the spine, you should be examined for scoliosis.


Children - The vast majority of scoliosis is "idiopathic," meaning its cause is unknown. It usually develops in middle or late childhood, before puberty, and is seen more often in girls than boys. Though scoliosis can occur in children with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spinal bifida and other miscellaneous conditions, most scoliosis is found in otherwise healthy youngsters.

Adults - Scoliosis usually develops during childhood, but it also can occur in adults. Adult scoliosis may represent the progression of a condition that actually began in childhood, and was not diagnosed or treated while the person was still growing. What might have started out as a slight or moderate curve has progressed in the absence of treatment.


In other instances, adult scoliosis can be caused by the degenerative changes of the spine. Other spinal deformities such as kyphosis or round back are associated with the common problem of osteoporosis (bone softening) involving the elderly. As more and more people reach old age in the U.S., the incidence of scoliosis and kyphosis is expected to increase.
If allowed to progress, in severe cases adult scoliosis can lead to chronic severe back pain, deformity, and difficulty in breathing.

The importance of early detection - tips for parents

Idiopathic scoliosis can go unnoticed in a child because it is rarely painful in the formative years. Therefore, parents should watch for the following "tip-offs" to scoliosis beginning when their child is about 8 years of age:


uneven shoulders

prominent shoulder blade or shoulder blades

uneven waist

elevated hips

leaning to one side


Any one of these signs warrants an examination by the family physician, pediatrician or orthopaedist.
Some schools sponsor scoliosis screenings. Although only a physician can accurately diagnose scoliosis, school screenings can help alert parents to the presence of its warning signs in their child.

Treatment

In planning treatment for each child, an orthopaedist will carefully consider a variety of factors, including the history of scoliosis in the family, the age at which the curve began, the curve's location and severity of the curve.........