why we will have "Chicken Pox"?

Chickenpox, also spelled chicken pox, is the common name for Varicella simplex, classically one of the childhood infectious diseases caught and survived by most children.

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3), one of the eight herpes viruses known to affect humans. It starts with conjunctival and catarrhal symptoms, moderate fever and then characteristic spots appearing in two or three waves, mainly on the body and head rather than the hands and becoming itchy raw pox (pocks), small open sores which heal mostly without scarring.

Chickenpox has a two-week incubation period and is highly contagious by air transmission two days before symptoms appear. Following primary infection there is usually lifelong protective immunity from further episodes of chickenpox. Recurrent chickenpox is fairly rare but more likely in people with compromised immune systems.

Symptomatic treatment, with calamine lotion to ease itching and paracetamol (known in the U.S. as acetaminophen) to reduce fever, is widely used.

Chickenpox is rarely fatal (usually from varicella pneumonia), with pregnant women and those with depressed immune systems being more at risk. Pregnant women not known to be immune and who come into contact with chickenpox may need urgent treatment as the virus can cause serious problems for the fetus.

Later in life, viruses remaining dormant in the nerves can reactivate causing localised eruptions of shingles. This occurs particularly in people with compromised immune systems, such as the elderly, and perhaps even those suffering sunburn. Unlike chickenpox which normally fully settles, shingles may result in persisting post-herpetic neuralgia pain.

A chickenpox vaccine has been available since 1995, and is now required in some countries for children to be admitted into elementary school unless the parent/guardian submits an exemption. In addition, effective medications (e.g. aciclovir) are available to treat chickenpox in healthy adults and immunocompromised persons.

水痘是一種由病毒引起的急性傳染病，屬於帶狀皰疹，一年四季可發病，尤以冬春季常見，學齡前兒童為好發年齡，6個月以內的嬰兒較少發病，主要通過飛沫傳染，切傳染性很強。

癥狀

患水痘的病者一般有發熱，全身不舒服，與感冒發燒不同的是，這種發燒讓人覺得熱。大約1天左右，身上開始出現皮疹，為水痘最明顯得癥狀。根據其情形的不同，皰疹分為四個階段：丘疹、水皰、膿皰、結痂的膿皰。膿皰結痂的過程會覺得癢，但如果弄破了膿皰，容易造成皮膚的感染，會留下疤痕，這是水痘最常見到併發症。皰疹典型的形狀是橢圓形，在軀幹上更以垂直於軀幹的橢圓形為典型。退燒意味著病情的開始好轉。一般1-2周可治愈，此後終身免疫。

Chickenpox, also spelled chicken pox, is the common name for Varicella simplex, classically one of the childhood infectious diseases caught and survived by most children.
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3), one of the eight herpes viruses known to affect humans. It starts with conjunctival and catarrhal symptoms, moderate fever and then characteristic spots appearing in two or three waves, mainly on the body and head rather than the hands and becoming itchy raw pox (pocks), small open sores which heal mostly without scarring.
Chickenpox has a two-week incubation period and is highly contagious by air transmission two days before symptoms appear. Following primary infection there is usually lifelong protective immunity from further episodes of chickenpox. Recurrent chickenpox is fairly rare but more likely in people with compromised immune systems.
Symptomatic treatment, with calamine lotion to ease itching and paracetamol (known in the U.S. as acetaminophen) to reduce fever, is widely used.
Chickenpox is rarely fatal (usually from varicella pneumonia), with pregnant women and those with depressed immune systems being more at risk. Pregnant women not known to be immune and who come into contact with chickenpox may need urgent treatment as the virus can cause serious problems for the fetus.
Later in life, viruses remaining dormant in the nerves can reactivate causing localised eruptions of shingles. This occurs particularly in people with compromised immune systems, such as the elderly, and perhaps even those suffering sunburn. Unlike chickenpox which normally fully settles, shingles may result in persisting post-herpetic neuralgia pain.




Chickenpox
Classifications and external resources







Child with varicella disease



ICD-10


B01.



ICD-9


052



DiseasesDB


29118



MedlinePlus


001592



eMedicine


ped/2385 derm/74, emerg/367



MeSH


C02.256.466.175



水痘是一种由病毒引起的急性传染病，属于带状疱疹，一年四季可发病，尤以冬春季常见，学龄前儿童为好发年龄，6个月以内的婴儿较少发病，主要通过飞沫传染，切传染性很强。
症状
患水痘的病者一般有发热，全身不舒服，与感冒发烧不同的是，这种发烧让人觉得热。大约1天左右，身上开始出现皮疹，为水痘最明显得症状。根据其情形的不同，疱疹分为四个阶段：丘疹、水疱、脓疱、结痂的脓疱。脓疱结痂的过程会觉得痒，但如果弄破了脓疱，容易造成皮肤的感染，会留下疤痕，这是水痘最常见到并发症。疱疹典型的形状是椭圆形，在躯干上更以垂直于躯干的椭圆形为典型。退烧意味着病情的开始好转。一般1-2周可治愈，此后终身免疫。
护理

患儿要单独隔离，居室要通风，光线充足。
发热时要多喝水，可以用冰袋敷头。
饮食给予易消化，富含维生素的流质或半流质。
衣被不宜过厚过多，太热会使皮疹发痒．保持衣服，被褥清洁，以免传染。
剪短患儿指甲，保持双手的清洁以免抓破水痘，引起感染的可能。
注意病情变化，如出现诊后持续高温不退，伴有呕吐，惊厥时，应立即就医。

Chicken pox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, one of the herpes viruses. Other herpes viruses include herpes
simplex, that produces cold sores, and the Epstein-Barr virus that causes glandular fever.

Chicken pox is very infectious. A child who has not yet had it before, and who comes into contact with an infected person, will
almost certainly catch it. Children with chicken pox are infectious from about two days before to six days after the appearance
of the rash, by which time the last crop of blisters should have crusted over.
The virus is spread either by direct contact with a person with active chicken pox or shingles, or by indirect contact with clothes
or other articles infected with vesicle fluid, saliva, nasal discharge etc, or by airborne spread of small droplets of infected mucous
or vesicle fluid.
To prevent further spread of chicken pox children should be kept off school for six to seven days until all the blisters have crusted
over. Shingles cannot be caught from chicken pox.