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CHINESE WHITE DOLPHIN BACKGROUND INFORMATION

WWF Hong Kong has been working to bring to the people of Hong Kong the plight of the Chinese White Dolphin, locally known as 'pink' dolphins, which are threatened by factors such as high volume of marine traffic, reduced food abundance resulted from overfishing, water pollution, and many developments in Hong Kong.



Our dolphins are part of the Indo-Pacific Hump-backed Dolphin, Sousa chinensis, species that ranges from South Africa to Australia and throughout Southeast Asia. The vivid pink colouring, exhibited by many of Hong Kong's dolphins appears to make them a unique population.

To provide fuel to Chek Lap Kok Airport a temporary Aviation Fuel Receiving Facility (AFRF) was constructed at Sha Chau, an area that is also frequently used by dolphins. To mitigate this damage, the Hong Kong SAR Government established a 12km2 Marine Park - also known as a 'dolphin sanctuary' - around Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau.

WWF Hong Kong believes that the dolphin sanctuary exists only on paper if there are no proper management and enforcement actions taken by the Hong Kong SAR Government - activities that are detrimental to the dolphins and their habitat should be banned or strictly controlled within the area.

High speed ferries have been banned within the sanctuary, but northern Lantau waters are still traversed by many types of vessels, including high-speed ferries, and the volume of traffic has increased significantly since the new port became operational.

Trawling is banned in the sanctuary, but gill netting and other forms of fishing are still allowed to continue under a permit system.

Water quality will hopefully improve through chemically enhanced primary treatment with UV disinfection, which should remove 99.9% of bacteria from the sewage discharge being constructed off Siu Ho Wan, Northern Lantau Island.

The Hong Kong SAR Government has deployed a number of artificial reefs in Sha Chau/Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park and a marine exclusion zone off the airport to provide a trial artificial fisheries habitat to provide feeding opportunities for dolphins as well as for fisheries enhancement. It is hoped that this will help increase dolphin food sources over the long term.

Studies indicate that there are about 180 Chinese White Dolphins living in Hong Kong waters. More than 80 have already been identified through photographs. Researchers are still battling to learn more information about these animals and a conservation management plan must be drawn up to ensure their survival.

A dolphin colloquium took place in Hong Kong in 1996. Overseas experts attended and assisted in the drawing up recommendations that called for: more intensive studies; the establishment of cross-border links; and, an expansion of protected areas.

WWF Hong Kong is represented on the Hong Kong SAR Government's Marine Mammals Conservation Working Group that provides advice on measures to ensure the survival of Hong Kong's dolphins, unfortunately the Working Group meets on an infrequent and irregular basis.

WWF Hong Kong has produced Dolphin Factsheets, which are available in our Website, or can be collected from our Central office.

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Beluga, white whale
Delphinapterus leucas
Belugas are very vocal, emitting chirps, squeaks and clicking noises, which explains their nickname of sea canaries.



Subspecies
None.



Life span
Unknown.



Statistics
Body length: 3-5m, Weight: 0.4-1.5 tonnes. Males are larger than the females.



Physical description
Belugas are also called white whales due to their pale coloration. Calves are born grey, and become paler as they age. They have a large melon and short beak. It is not uncommon for belugas to be covered in scars. These are usually caused by polar bears, which attack the whales if they become trapped in pack ice.

Unlike most other cetaceans, they have the ability to nod and shake their heads from side to side.



Distribution
Belugas are mostly found in the Arctic ocean and some adjoining seas.



Diet
Belugas eat a wide variety of prey such as fish, octopus, squid, crabs and snails.



Behaviour
Typically, a single large male will lead a group of 5-20 individuals although during migration and periods of high food abundance, groups of 10,000 belugas have been reported.



Conservation status
Belugas are listed as Vulnerable by the 2000 IUCN Red List.