D/A, D/P & Letter of Credit 有咩分別?

做出入口貿易D/A, D/P 都有風險，L/C較少(唔會話無)
以風險高低計，排位是後面那些最高風險: full payment in advance， L/C, D/P, D/A, some deposit and /or open account
當然做生意，邊有咁理想，好少人會先付全部錢，那 L/C 信用証付款最雙方合理。

現逐樣答你:

D/P 和 D/A 都要經買家銀行， 但賣家不一定要經自己銀行，賣家可以經自己銀行或自己直接寄單去買家銀行，我一年做幾百次。但一定要經買家銀行。國際貿易，什麼合法產品都可以利用此方法交收賬款。

D/P, Document against payment: 付款交單
D/P 要經銀行，你交船務單據去買方銀行，買方銀行收單後，會叫買方上黎收單，買方願意收單，就立即要付款才能取走單據，無錢無得取貨。賣家取得走船務文件，買家就一定收到錢，因為銀行已經收左錢或 擔保左(借錢給買家取貨)。

D/A , Document against acceptance 承兌交單，一定有限期
一定要講幾多日後付款，即是 D/A 30 days 或者 D/A 45days
即承兌後30天付款(D/A30days)，或承兌後45天付款( D/A 45 days)
D/A 要經銀行，你交船務單據去買方銀行，買方銀行收單後，會叫買方上黎收單，買方願意收單，無錢都能立即取貨，簽名提走就按照多少天後付款。賣家就等到期才收錢。如果到期時，買家破產或走路或者簡單講有錢都唔肯付，咁買家就收唔到錢。

好喇，D/P, D/A 在貿易上除左我上面講，都還有風險架，你做D/P或D/A，出左貨去美國，要個幾月海運，途中你買家執笠走路，你的貨未無人要囉，兼且買家有權話你的貨唔關我事，我根本無訂過，我唔會要 ( 但當地銀行會blacklist佢) 但你就慘喇，當然你可以告佢，不過無人收貨呀!

國際貿易上，為保障買賣雙方，所以有L/C 信用証
Letter of credit ( documentary letter of credit)
買家要有錢先放在銀行(或銀行肯借錢)，才能買貨，賣家也要按 L/C 依足條款和文件交貨和入單。這樣是現時國際貿易，大家都認為最保障雙方的付款方法。( 是買賣雙方) ，當然賣方收晒錢先才寄貨，當然賣方過癮。

做L/C 收費，各間銀行不同，收你銀碼的計%。各間真的不同，要你看生意額大小，大公司收少的，我地細公司收多的，完全不能答你。
匯豐好貴，就算做D/P 匯豐都最起碼收 HK$700 一次，仲服務麻麻
但我找另一間銀行(不做零售業務)，我每次D/P 只收我HK$350

2006-12-25 00:37:23 補充：
多謝 N. Seeker 正面評價，大家努力

actually what "chungkokyan" are almost there.

but i some points to be remarks:
all the above (D/A, D/P and Letter of Cerdit) have to be done through Bankers.

Letter of Credit will be the most suitable method with less risk, beucase it you do the docuements right, the applicant surely pay.

D/A will be at the most risk, becuase the buyer (who signed the DRAFT and responsiblt for the payment) can collect the document WITHOUT FULL PAYMENT. Buyer gets the goods before payment.

The risk of D/P will be 50/50 because it happens usually buyer have to pay the full amount before he get the docuements (such as B/L or AWB).

Charges of DA & DP:
D/A and D/P usually payable with interest at XX% p.a. from B/L DATE (depends on your negotiation with the Bank).

Charges of L/C:
There are usually:
(1). Opening Commission (xx% of your L/C Amount)
(2). Cable Charges (HKB charged at @HK$400)
(3). Other amendment Charges (if applicable)

D/A is Document against acceptance = 即要客人銀行收到 invoice 等文件後, 待客人同意接受才付款.
D/P is Document against payment = 即客人銀行收到invoice 等文件後, 才付款.
L/C is Letter of Credit = 所有文件均要按L/C內要求的做, 收費每間銀行不同.