S.4 兩條關於Plant 的 Transpiration 的問題!!

因為中英對譯需時，請見諒！！

There are three advantages:
有三個好處：

First, plants can make use of transpiration to evaporate excess water to the surrounding. This can lose excess heat energy through water evaporation.
一、植物能利用蒸騰作用令過多水份蒸發到周圍。透過水份蒸發，這樣能流失過多的熱能。

But the most important is, when a transpiration pull is formed, water is drawn from cells to cells. When water is drawn near root cells, minerals such as nitrate ions are also drawn from it and make a steeper concentration gradient which can let minerals diffuse in root cells.(But minerals are absorbed from the soil mainly by active transport.)
但是，最重要的是，當蒸騰牽引力形成時，水份會從細胞抽到細胞裏。當水份從根部細胞被抽出，礦物鹽例如硝酸根離子都會被抽出，而形成一個較斜的濃度梯度。這樣可以讓礦物鹽擴散到根部細胞。(可是，主要用於吸收礦物鹽的是主動運輸。)

Transpiration pull is an important force for the transport of water and dissolved minerals in a flowering plant.As water is lost by the plant through transpiration, this occurs mainly through the stomata in the leaves, water is thus drawn continuously from the roots through xylem vessels.
蒸騰牽引力是一重要的力，用於在有花植物中運送水和溶於水的礦物質。因為水進行蒸騰作用流失，這是透過葉片的氣孔，水份會持續地由根部抽到木質部管道。

The xylem vessels formed continuous tubes from the roots , along the stems to the leaves and other plant organs. Water togther with dissolved minerals are transported as a continuous stream inside.
這些木質部管道形成一條連續的管，從根部到莖、葉，及各種植物器官。水和溶水的礦物質持續地被運送，造成一條內在連綿不斷的水流。

Third, it's to compensate the lose of water. As water is lost continuously, but not enough water is absorbed, water lost is faster than water gained,cells will become flaccid and plants will be wilted since it was dehydrated.Aims to reduce water loss,this will contribute to plants close its stomata and reduce gas exchange and hinder photosynthesis.In young plants, a transpiration pull can help to provide water to cells' turgidity. It can help to absorb more sunlight.(In mature plants, they are supported by rigid xylem.)
第三，這是為了補償水份的流失。由於水不斷地流失，但是吸收的卻不足夠，造成' 水失大於水得' ，故此細胞會變的軟弱和植物會因此而凋萎，缺水正是它的原因。為了減少水份流失，這會導致植物的氣孔緊閉，因而減少氣體交換，與及妨礙光合作用。在年幼的植物中，蒸騰牽引力內幫助提供水份給細胞令它們硬脹。這樣可以幫助吸收多些陽光。(在成熟的植物中，它們是由堅硬的木質部支撐著的。)

These are all the benefits what I know of transpiration over plants.
這些就是我所知的所有關於蒸騰作用對植物的益處了。

2006-11-20 23:17:45 補充：
漏了第二題答案！！(中文版)就如我所說，蒸騰作用缺少了，會令植物凋萎，直至死亡。因為只靠普通的擴散作用，水的傳送速度太慢了，令失水速度大於得水。若果植物缺少了蒸騰作用，牠們最終會因缺水過多而死亡。

2006-11-20 23:18:09 補充：
Just like what I've said, if a lack of transpiration in plants, they will become wilted, till death. As they only rely on diffusion, rate of water transport is much lower, so the water lost is faster than water gained. If plants have no transpiration, they will die eventually due to dehydration.

2006-11-26 17:55:34 補充：
我也沒想到會得到這麼感人的讚賞，真是沁人心脾！謝謝您！！

Transpiration provide transpiration pull which provide a force to "suck up" water from the root to top of the tree in the xylem.

Transpiration can also help to cool down a plant in a hot day.

Without transpiration, the plant may have very low efficiency in water transport.