✔ 最佳答案
Soy sauce is a mixture resulted from a complex enzymatic or other chemical reaction.
The reason for its browning can mainly be explained by the role of the micro-organism involved in the production of soy sauce.
Soy bean and wheat are cooked, roasted and mixed,
the mixture is innoculated with Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae (koji mold)
They provides enzymes, amylase, protease, peptidase, to digest the mixture.
The insoluble, complex, non-fermentable substrates would then be converted to
simple, soluble, and fermentable nutrients for the subsequent micro-organism for digestion.
Among the enzymes, the two B-xylanolitic enzyme and xylanase contribute the most of
soy sauce brown colour!!
Xylan, which can be found on the hemicellulose of soy beans, will be hydrolzyed by xylanase several times to become a dissacharide, which will then by further hydrolyzed into xylose and is catalyzed by B-xylanolytic enzyme.
Xylose will then undergoes a Maillard Reaction, and amino-carboohydrate reaction.
which is a non-enzymatic browning reaction, the end product will be malanoidin, a dark pigment, this gives the dark brown colour of the soy sauce, in the last process,
pasterurization, will also enhance the brown colour by that browning reacion because of the heating process.
The conidia, which is pigmented with colour, from Aspergillus, will also give colour to the final colour of the soy sauce.
Other sugar, like amlyase will also undergose browning reaction, but xylose would give the most dark pigment than other sugar, and it is also the most contributing colour for the soy sauce.
Therefore, some soy sauce with lighter colour, just like the shiro of a Japanese brand, employ some Aspergillus strains with less xylanolitic enzyme production.
Or choose the lactic acid bacteria or yeast which involve in the later process of the soy sauce production, which utilize xylose as carbon substrate, even glucose is plenty.
After 3 days innoculation of Koji mold, salt brine will be added with lactic acid bacteria and yeast. They will ferment the substrate and give aroma and flavor to the soy sauce.
Just like some important flavour, furanoes and phenolic compounds.
Then the soy sauce will be pasteurized and bottled.
參考: Industrialization of indigenous food, handbook of indigenous fermented food...