97年金融風暴英文是甚麼?

2006-11-17 12:36 am
97年金融風暴英文是甚麼?

回答 (4)

2006-11-17 12:40 am
✔ 最佳答案
97年金融風暴=亞洲金融危機=East Asian financial crisis

亞洲金融危機發生於1997年7月,由泰國開始,之後進一步影響了鄰近亞洲國家的貨幣,股票市場,和其它的資產價值。此危機另一名稱是亞洲金融風暴(常見於香港)。

印尼、南韓和泰國是受此金融風暴波及最嚴重的國家。新加坡、馬來西亞、菲律賓和香港也被波及。中國大陸和台灣受影響程度相對較輕,但台灣卻面臨著「本土型金融風暴」的威脅。日本則仍是處在泡沫經濟崩潰後自身的長期經濟困境中,受到此金融風暴的影響並不大。

1997年,泰國經濟疲弱,許多東南亞國家如泰國、馬來西亞和韓國等長期依賴中短期外資貸款維持國際收支平衡,匯率偏高並大多維持與美元或一攬子貨幣的固定或聯繫匯率,這給國際投機資金提供了一個很好的捕獵機會。由美國知名炒家索羅斯主導的量子基金乘勢進軍泰國,從大量賣空泰銖開始,迫使泰國放棄維持已久的與美元掛鉤的固定匯率而實行自由浮動,從而引發了一場泰國金融市場前所未有的危機。之後危機很快波及到所有東南亞實行貨幣自由兌換的國家和地區,香港的港元便成為亞洲最貴的貨幣。

1998年8月,量子基金和老虎基金開始炒賣港元,首先向銀行借來大量港元在市場上拋售,換來美元借出以賺取利息,同時大量賣空港股期貨。前者會使利率急升,導致股市下跌,從而在期貨市場獲利;同時一旦港元下跌,他們也可以同時在外匯市場獲利,可謂一石二鳥。港府於是把息率大幅調高,隔夜拆息一度高達300%,並動用外匯儲備近1200億港元(約150億美元)大量購入港股,結果炒家在8月28日期貨結算日被迫以高價平倉,損失嚴重,加上在俄國和馬來西亞同時受挫,最終炒家撤退。在此一役,香港政府動用了大量外匯儲備投入股市,一度佔有港股7%的市值,更成為部分公司的大股東,一旦股市下挫聯繫匯率將有可能崩潰。所以到1999年11月,港府把購買的港股以盈富基金上市,分批售回市場。

此危機迫使除了港幣之外的所有東南亞主要貨幣在短期內急劇貶值,東南亞各國貨幣體系和股市的崩潰,以及由此引發的大批外資撤逃和國內通貨膨脹的巨大壓力,給這個地區的經濟發展蒙上了一層陰影。


[編輯] 數據
對美元匯率 GNP(10億美元)
97年6月 98年7月 97年6月 98年7月
泰國 24.5 泰銖 41 170 102
印尼 2,380 印尼盾 14,150 205 34
菲律賓 26.3 披索 42 75 47
馬來西亞 2.5 令吉 4.1 90 55
韓國 850 韓圓 1,290 430 283

資料來源:Cheetham, R. 1998. Asia Crisis. Paper presented at conference, U.S.-ASEAN-Japan policy Dialogue. School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University, June 7-9, Washingtion, D.C.
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The East Asian financial crisis was a period of economic unrest that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. It is also commonly referred to as the East Asian currency crisis or locally as the IMF crisis although the latter is somewhat controversial. There is general consensus on the existence of a crisis and its consequences, but what is less clear are the causes of the crisis, its scope and resolution.

Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand were the countries most affected by the crisis. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Laos and the Philippines were also hit by the slump. Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore and Vietnam were relatively unaffected. Japan was not affected much by this crisis but was going through its own long-term economic difficulties. However, all nations mentioned above saw their currencies dip significantly relative to the US dollar, though the harder hit nations saw extended currency losses.

Though called the "East Asian" crisis because it originated in East Asia, its effects rippled throughout the globe and caused a global financial crisis, with major effects felt as widely as Russia, Brazil, as investors lost confidence in emerging markets. United States as an investor was briefly affected.

詳情 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_financial_crisis
2006-11-27 8:39 am
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2006-11-17 12:40 am
Asian Financial Crisis in 1997


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