family是什麼意思?

家庭、家人

家庭、家人

2006-11-24 11:31:52 補充：
n.1. 家,家庭;家人[C][G]My family is large.我的家是個大家庭。His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。2. 家族[C][G]They are members of the Royal family.他們是皇家成員。3. 子女[S]She has a large family.她子女多。4. 【動】【植】科;【化】【數】【天】族;【語】語族[C]

family是指家庭

1.家
2.家庭
3.家屬

family=家庭
但又可以解成father and mother i love you

=家庭
also
=Father and mother i love you
( f ) ( a ) ( m ) ( i )( l ) ( y )

For other senses of this word, see family (disambiguation).

A family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997A family consists of a domestic group of people (or a number of domestic groups), typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by analogous or comparable relationships — including domestic partnership, cohabitation, adoption, surname and (in some cases) ownership (as occurred in the Roman Empire).

In many societies, family ties are only those recognized as such by law or a similar normative system. Although many people (including social scientists) have understood familial relationships in terms of "blood", many anthropologists have argued that one must understand the notion of "blood" metaphorically, and that many societies understand 'family' through other concepts rather than through genetics.

Article 16(3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says: "The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State".


[edit] The family cross-culturally
According to sociology and anthropology, the family has the primary function of reproducing — biologically, sociologically, or both - society. Thus, one's experience of one's family shifts over time. From the perspective of children, the family functions as a family of orientation: the family serves to locate children socially, and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. From the point of view of the parent(s), the family serves as a family of procreation with the goal of producing, enculturating and socializing children.

Producing children, however important, does not exhaust the functions of the family. In societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage (and the resulting relationship between a husband and wife) must precede the formation of an economically productive household. In modern societies marriage entails particular rights and privileges that encourage the formation of new families even when participants have no intention of having children.


[edit] Types of family
The structure of families traditionally hinges on relations between parents and children, on relations between spouses, or on both. Anthropologists have called attention to three major types of family:

matrifocal
consanguineal
conjugal
Note: this typology deals with "ideal" families. All societies tolerate some acceptable deviations from the ideal or statistical norm, owing either to incidental circumstances (such as the death of a member of the family), to infertility or to personal preferences.


[edit] Matrifocal families
A matrifocal family consists of a mother and her children — generally her biological offspring, although nearly every society also practises adoption of children. This kind of family commonly develops where women have the resources to rear their children by themselves, or where men have more mobility than women. Some indigenous South American and Melanesian societies are matrifocal.

Among polygynous societies studied along the Orinoco river system in southern Venezuela, families are set up in two levels. The larger system consists of one man, one to five women, and their children. The smaller matrifocal family consists of each woman and her children. The children are reared by their mothers as they would in a simple matrifocal system, with most fathers not being closely involved.

家庭是由婚姻，血緣或收養關係所組成的社會生活的基本單位。家庭有廣義和狹義之分，狹義是指一夫一妻制构成的单元；廣義的則泛指人類進化的不同階段上的各種家庭利益集團即家族。


[编辑] 家庭观念的演变
在古羅馬，famulus（家庭）的意思是一個家庭的奴隸，而familia則是指屬於一個人的全體奴隸。羅馬人用familia一詞表示父權支配着妻子、子女和一定數量的奴隸的社會集體。

對家庭含義本質的認識是從近代才開始的。馬克思、恩格斯認爲：“每日都在重新生産自己生命的人們開始生産另外一些人，即繁殖。這就是夫妻之間的關係，父母和子女之間的關係。也就是家庭。”（《馬克思恩格斯全集》第3卷，第32頁）。奧地利心理學家弗洛伊德認爲家庭是“肉體生活同社會機體生活之間的聯係環節”。美國社會學家E.W.伯吉斯和H.J.洛克在《家庭》（1953）一書中提出：“家庭是被婚姻、血緣或收養的紐帶聯係起來身份相互作用和交往，創造一個共同的文化”。中國社會學家孫本文認爲家庭是夫婦子女等親屬所組合的團體。中國社會學家費孝通認爲家庭是父母子女形成的團體。


[编辑] 家庭的功能
家庭的功能之一是养育儿童。这是由于人类的婴儿很孤弱，更加需要成人的--尤其是母亲的--照顾。而且由于不同文化的规定，男性与女性具有不同的性格，要求要有一个同性的成年与之建立一个密切的联系，作为成年角色的模范。在同一个居住体中，成年男女的存在提供了这样的条件。但是养育儿童并不是家庭存在的唯一原因。从理论上讲，成群的孩子可以由成对经过训练的男女专家来抚养。而目前出现的同性婚姻也对传统的家庭观念带来了冲击。

家庭另一个重要的功能是性关系的控制。社和需要一个人建立家庭，一个人就是通过家庭获得对另一个人的性接触权利的。乱伦禁忌是历史上所有社会都有的规则，禁止家庭某些成员之间发生性关系。

外遇則是一個不那麼普遍的性關係禁忌。許多社會視外遇為禁忌，少數則容許婚外情。

1. 家,家庭;家人[C][G]
My family is large.
我的家是個大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him.
他的一家人都在等他。
2. 家族[C][G]
They are members of the Royal family.
他們是皇家成員。
3. 子女[S]
She has a large family.
她子女多。
4. 【動】【植】科;【化】【數】【天】族;【語】語族[C]

father and mather I love you

family=家庭