about西"撕"

西施是中國古代四大美女之一，本名施夷光。一種流行的錯誤認為所謂「沉魚落雁，閉月羞花」，沉魚指的就是西施。傳說她在古越國浦陽江邊浣紗，水中的魚兒看到她的容貌，都驚艷得沉入江底。事實上，「沉魚落雁」是個成語，通常認為出自《莊子·齊物論》：「毛嬙、麗姬，人之所美也，魚見之深入，鳥見之高飛，糜鹿見之決驟，四者孰知天下之正色哉。」原意是說動物不能感受人的美貌。也有人認為唐代宋之問歌詠西施的（浣紗篇）：「鳥驚入松蘿，魚畏沈荷花。」是這個成語的出處，故認為沉魚代表西施。

吳王夫差攻陷越國，越王勾踐為了麻痹吳王，獻上美女，其中就有西施。傳說吳王得西施之後，終日迷戀於西施美色而不理朝政，終於被臥薪嘗膽的勾踐反撲。民間傳說滅吳後勾踐重臣大夫范蠡攜西施避世太湖，逍遙餘生。

也有傳說西施被吳人認為會是使得國破家亡的妖孽，於是將她殺死，掉到江中。後來在江中發現了一些蛤蜊，人家說那是西施的舌頭，故此使得蛤蜊也有西施舌之稱。

至今，在浙江紹興市諸暨市（舊稱暨陽縣），仍然有西施殿，越國古都城門等遺跡。

Xi Shi (西施, Pinyin: Xī Shī, c. 506 BC - ?) was one of the renowned Four Beauties of ancient China. She was said to have lived during the end of Spring and Autumn Period in Zhuji, the capital of the ancient State of Yue.

Xi Shi's beauty was said to be so extreme that she caused the fish to dip in shame while laundering her garments in the river.

King Gou Jian of Yue, king of Yue, was once imprisoned after a defeat in a war by King Fu Chai of Wu, king of the State of Wu. The state of Yue later became a tribulatory to Wu. Secretly planning his revenge, Gou Jian's minister Wen Zhong suggested training beautiful women and offering them to Fu Chai as a tribute. His other minister, Fan Li, found Xi Shi and Zheng Dan, and gifted them to Fu Chai in 490 BC.

Bewitched by the beauty of Xi Shi and Zheng Dan, Fu Chai forgot all about his state affairs and on their instigation, killed his best advisor, the great general Wu Zixu. Fu Chai even built Guanwa Palace (Palace of Beautiful Women) in an imperial park on the slope of Lingyan Hill, about 15 kilometres west of Suzhou. The strength of Wu dwindled, and in 473 BC Gou Jian launched his strike and put the Wu army to full rout. King Fu Chai lamented that he should have listened to Wu Zixu, and then committed suicide.

In one disputed account of her fate, it was written that Gou Jian ordered Xi Shi to be drowned by being thrown into a lake, to avoid being tempted by her as Fu Chai was.

In legends, after the fall of Wu, Fan Li retired from his minister post and lived with Xi Shi on a fishing boat, roaming like fairies in the misty wilderness of Tai Ho Lake, and no one has seen them ever since.

She is remembered by the Xi Shi Temple, which lies at the foot of the Zhu Lou Hill in the southern part of the city, on the banks of the Huansha River.

The West Lake in Hangzhou is said to be the incarnation of Xi Shi, hence it is also called Xizi Lake, Xizi being another name for Xi Shi, meaning Lady Xi.

There is another well-known figure of unknown origin, probably fictional and parodical, named Dong Shi (東施). The "Dong" in her name means "east", contrasting to Xi Shi's "Xi", which means "west". Apart from her name, she is said to be the exact opposite of Xi Shi in being extremely ugly and, in modern depictions, fat. This in turn has created the saying "Dong Shi imitates a frown" (Xi Shi, being a sickly girl, often had chest pains; it was said that her beauty was most marvellous when she was wincing from the pain), meaning to attempt imitating another work only to show up one's own weaknesses.

西施名叫施夷光.她是春秋末期的浙江一帶人氏. 浙江苧蘿山下有兩個

村子.分為東西兩村.村中的人大多數姓施.施夷光住在西村.所以大家都叫

她西施. 西施經常與夥伴們在江邊浣紗.紅顏花貌.交相輝映.像出水芙蓉那

樣美麗.當時的越王勾踐想找美女獻給吳王.聽說西施 有沉魚般的美貌.於

是就用了重金聘她. 西施穿上了綾羅綢緞.坐上了華麗的馬車之後.就更顯

得婀娜多姿了.許多百姓為了一睹西施的美貌.都湧到郊外的驛館 去迎候

.以致路上塞滿了人群. 當時有一個傳聞.說負責招聘西施的范大夫傳令下

去:要看美人的人.必須先交一文錢.於是在驛館中設了一個錢櫃收錢. 那錢

櫃竟然頃刻而滿!可想而知有多少人希望看一眼美麗的西施啊!西施就站在

樓上憑欄而立.好像仙女下凡一樣.她在 驛館停留了三日.所得金錢無數.那

些錢財全部運回了越國以資助國家財政. 越王勾踐命樂師教西施歌舞儀態

.過了三年.讓范大夫帶著西施進獻給吳王. 范大夫見到吳王.跪拜著說: 『東

海賊臣勾踐.感大王之恩德.遍搜境內.得善歌舞者.以供灑掃之役』 吳王夫

差一見到西施.以為仙子下凡塵.魂魄都丟了!可是伍子胥進言到: 『臣聞:夏

亡以妹喜.殷亡以妲己.周亡以褒似.夫美女者.王國之物也.王不可受』 吳王

哪裡肯聽!馬上把西施收了下來.並在姑酥臺建造春宵宮.在靈岩山上建造館

娃宮.還修築大水池.以供美人嬉戲遊 玩.夫差對西施寵愛至極.出入都是效

仿王妃的派頭和排場.吳王還專門為西施修建跳舞的場所.每當西施穿上木

屐.腰繫 銅鈴.翩翩起舞的時候.那舞姿令夫差如痴如醉….. 夫差自從有了西

施以後.就常常與她一起.帶著樂師們隨意四處去遊玩.不再理會朝政.使勾

踐有足夠的時間修養生息.東 山再起. 至於西施的結局也有兩種說法.一種

是吳滅了以後.勾踐夫人見到西施貌美.心中怕勾踐看上她.於是就將西施放

進皮袋 之中沉於江底. 另一種說法是.西施見到聰慧賢明的范大夫時.已經

深深愛上了他.而范大夫也鍾情於西施.當吳國滅亡之後.范大夫不要 越王

的封賞.而情願終老於江湖.於是趁著夜色帶西施悄然離去.自此不知所蹤