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Usually, your wife needs to spend 4 years in Australia to become an Australian citizen(2 year period for temporary visa & 2 year period for permanently visa). Your eligibility for Australian citizenship may be affected when proposed changes to the Australian Citizenship Act currently before the Australian Parliament come into effect for residency requirement from 2 years to 4 years & she might need to undertake the citizenship exam.
You don't know to apply visa to visit China after becoming Australian citizen because both of you are HK permanent resident and should have 港澳居民來往內地通行證 /
回鄉證. You won't be considered as an Australian citizen if you are back to HK unless you renounce (give up) your HK Chinese citizenship, you are still considered as HK Chinese citizen due to Chinese government does not accept dual citizenship.
回鄉證
http://www.ctshk.com/zhengjian/gangao.htm
中 國 國 籍
http://www.immd.gov.hk/chtml/chnnationality.htm
Spouse Temporary Visa (Subclass 309) and Permanent Visa (Subclass 100)
http://www.immi.gov.au/migrants/family/family-visas-partner.htm
For people from overseas to enter and stay in Australia with their partner, who must be an Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen. If two years after you apply the spousal relationship is ongoing, a permanent visa may be granted.
Prospective Marriage Visa (Subclass 300)
For people from overseas to enter Australia, then marry their fiance(e). Their fiance(e) must be an Australian citizen, Australian permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen. Once married, holders of this visa can then apply to remain permanently in Australia.
This visa allows you to enter or remain in Australia on the basis of your married or de-facto relationship with your partner:
On a temporary visa (usually for a waiting period of approximately two (2) years from the date you applied for the visa)
On a permanent visa if, after the waiting period (if applicable), your partner relationship still exists and you are still eligible for this visa.
Your partner must provide sponsorship for you.
Spouses of Australian Citizens
Are spouses of Australian Citizens eligible for Australian Citizenship?
Spouses of Australian citizens, whether legally married or in a de facto relationship, do not have an automatic right to Australian citizenship.
To be eligible for Australian citizenship, the spouse of an Australian citizen must be a permanent resident of Australia. Policy requires that spouses also satisfy the requirements applicable to other adult applicants.
http://www.citizenship.gov.au/becoming-a-citizen/application-process/eligible.htm
參考: I am Australian citizen, was born in HK with HK ID and 回鄉證