✔ 最佳答案
其實 factorize 的方法只能夠應用在一小類 Quadratic Equation 上,而 graphical method 得出的答案一般都不夠精確(通常畫圖只能夠取至小數點得一個位),而 Quadratic Formula 就一定可以解決所有 Quadratic Equation,所以 Quadratic Formula 都可說是「絕招」。
Quadratic Formula 的證明內使用了其中一個解 Quadratic Equation 的方法,就是「配方法」(Completing the Square),配方法就是為 x^2及 x 項加入適當的常數項,使它成為完全平方,然後再用開平方的方法來解方程,看看以下的例子:
x^2 - x - 1 = 0
(x^2 - x) - 1 = 0
[x^2 - x + (1/2)^2] - (1/2)^2 - 1 = 0 (我們在這裡加入適當的常數,使得x^2與 -x 與加入的常數3項能成為完全平方)
(x - 1/2)^2 - 1/4 - 1 = 0
(x - 1/2)^2 = 5/4
x - 1/2 = ± √(5/4) (使用開平方的方法來解)
x = (1 ± √5)/2
Quadratic Equation 的證明:
ax^2 + bx + c = 0
x^2 + (b/a) x + c/a = 0
[x^2 + (b/a) x] + c/a = 0
[x^2 + (b/a) x + (b/(2a))^2] - (b/(2a))^2 + c/a = 0 (這裡加入常數項使 x^2、(b/a) x 與加入的常數項為為完全平方)
[x + b/(2a)]^2 - b^2/(4a^2) + c/a = 0
[x + b/(2a)]^2 = b^2/(4a^2) - c/a
[x + b/(2a)]^2 = b^2/(4a^2) - 4ac/(4a^2)
[x + b/(2a)]^2 = (b^2 - 4ac)/(4a^2)
x + b/(2a) = ±√[(b^2 - 4ac)/(4a^2)] (這裡開平方)
x + b/(2a) = ±√(b^2 - 4ac) / 2a
x = [-b±√(b^2 - 4ac)] / 2a
(由於要用純文字來打,可能比較難於觀看,請自行寫在紙上來觀看。)
至於發明方面,以下是一些歷史資料(取自
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation):
On clay tablets dated between 1800 BC and 1600 BC, the ancient Babylonians first discovered quadratic equations and also gave early methods for solving them. Indian mathematician Baudhayana who wrote a Sulba Sutra in ancient India circa 8th century BC first used quadratic equations of the form ax2 = c and ax2 + bx = c and also gave methods for solving them.
Babylonian mathematicians from circa 400 BC and Chinese mathematicians from circa 200 BC used the method of completing the square to solve quadratic equations with positive roots, but did not have a general formula. Euclid produced a more abstract geometrical method around 300 BC. The Bakshali Manuscript written in India between 200 BC and 400 CE introduced the general algebraic formula for solving quadratic equations, and also introduced quadratic indeterminate equations (origin of type ax/c = y).
The first mathematician to have found negative solutions with the general algebraic formula, was Brahmagupta (India, 7th century). Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī (Persia, 9th century) developed a set of formulae that worked for positive solutions. Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi (also known by the Latin name Savasorda) introduced the complete solution to Europe in his book Liber embadorum in the 12th century. Bhaskara II (India, 12th century) solved quadratic equations with more than one unknown.
Shridhara (India, 9th century) was one of the first mathematicians to give a general rule for solving a quadratic equation. His original work is lost but Bhaskara II later quotes Shridhara's rule:
Multiply both sides of the equation by a known quantity equal to four times the coefficient of the square of the unknown; add to both sides a known quantity equal to the square of the coefficient of the unknown; then take the square root. [1]
另外,你亦可以參考以下網址來看看較詳細的歷史:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2982567
希望這些東西可以幫助你做這個 Project。^^