緊急!!!!救救命~

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IN THE SPOTLIGHT


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National Asthma Control Program
CDC's National Asthma Control Program helps reduce the burden of asthma through effective control of the disease ...more

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EPA's AirNow: Today's Air Quality Information for States and Cities [external link]
AIRNow provides access to national air quality information ...more

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Self-Reported Asthma Among High School Students
CDC's analysis based on 2003 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data ...more



About the Program
CDC’s National Asthma Control Program supports the goals and objectives of Healthy People 2010 for asthma: to reduce the number of deaths, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, school or work days missed, and limitations on activity due to asthma ...more
Data and Surveillance
Asthma surveillance data includes collection of state-level adult asthma prevalence rates; data on days of restricted activity, days in bed, days of work or school lost, physician visits, and hospitalizations due to asthma; and collection of in-depth state and local asthma data through development and testing of a National Asthma Survey ...more
General Information
Asthma is a disease that affects your lungs. It causes repeated episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and nighttime or early morning coughing. Asthma can be controlled by taking medicine and avoiding the triggers that can cause an attack. You must also remove the triggers in your environment that can make your asthma worse ...more
Interventions
Information on potentially effective interventions for asthma control, including methodology for identification of the interventions, results, lessons learned, information on the interventions themselves, a bibliography, and sample case studies of interventions ...more
Legislation and Policy
Many federal and state government agencies as well as non-profit organizations, commissions, and networks carry out asthma-related activities and are involved in policy issues such as pending legislation and children’s rights at school ...more
Resources
A listing of useful documents and FAQs about asthma and indoor/outdoor air pollution from federal and state agency resources ...more
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Other Environmental Hazards & Health Effects Topics

Environmental Public Health Indicators Project
List of core indicators, links to individual indicators, data sources ...more
Environmental Public Health Tracking Program
About the program, communication library, conferences and meetings, data resources, partnerships ...more
Health Studies
Cancer clusters, CAFOs, harmful algal blooms, water, pesticides, chemicals, disaster epi ...more
Radiation Studies
General radiation facts, public health research, radon research ...more








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Asthma
What is asthma?
Asthma is a chronic (long-term) disease that makes it hard to breathe. At its worst, asthma can be fatal. For example, in 2003, asthma killed 287 Canadians 1. Asthma can't be cured, but it can be managed. With proper treatment, people with asthma can lead normal, active lives.

If you have asthma, your airways (breathing passages) are extra sensitive. When you are around certain things, your extra-sensitive airways can:

Become red and swollen - your airways get inflamed inside. They fill up with mucus. The swelling and mucus make your airways narrower, so it's harder for the air to pass through.

Become "twitchy" and go into spasm - the muscles around your airways squeeze together and tighten. This makes your airways narrower, leaving less room for the air to pass through.

What sets off your asthma symptoms?
Many different things can set off your asthma symptoms. Each person with asthma has her own set of asthma inducers and asthma triggers.

Asthma inducers: If you breathe in something you're allergic to- for example, dust or pollen- or if you have a viral infection- for example, a cold or the flu- your airways can become inflamed (red and swollen).

Asthma triggers: If you breathe in an asthma trigger like cold air or smoke, or if you exercise, the muscles around your airways can go into spasm and squeeze together tightly. This leaves less room for air to pass through.

It's important for every person with asthma to know what they triggers and inducers are, so they can avoid them.

What causes asthma? Who is at risk of getting it?
Doctors know that there are some things that make a person more likely to get asthma:

Family history: if people in your family have allergic diseases like asthma, hay fever (allergic rhinitis), or eczema, there is a higher chance you will have asthma.

Air pollution indoors and out: some research shows that people who live near major highways and other polluted places are more likely to get asthma. Also, kids who grow up in a home with mould or dust may be more likely to get asthma.

Work-related asthma (occupational exposure): People who work in certain types of jobs can get asthma from things they work with. For example:

Laboratory workers can get asthma from lab animals: rats, mice, guinea-pigs
Spray painters can get asthma from isocyanates
Grain handlers can get asthma from grain dust
Crab processors can get asthma from crab dust
The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, a government agency, offers more information on occupational asthma.

Second-hand smoke: Kids whose mothers smoked while pregnant, who grow up in a smoky house, or whose grandmothers smoked, are all more likely to get asthma. Read more about how smoking while pregnant hurts the baby

Asthma is a chronic, episodic disease of the airways, and it is best viewed as a syndrome. In 1997, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) included the following features as integral to the definition of asthma1,2: recurrent episodes of respiratory symptoms; variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment; presence of airway hyperreactivity; and, importantly, chronic airway inflammation in which many cells and cellular elements play a role, in particular, mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells. All of these features need not be present in any given asthmatic patient. Although the absolute "minimum criteria" to establish a diagnosis of asthma is not known or widely agreed upon, the presence of airway hyperreactivity is a common finding in patients with current symptoms and active asthma.