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Negative equity is a term used in the housing market, usually following a general fall in property prices, to mean that the market value of a mortgaged house or flat is less than the amount outstanding on the loan used to purchase it. This situation also occurs with 2nd mortgage home equity loans and some loans structured to loan more than the appraised value, such as 125% loans. This means that if the borrower subsequently defaults on the loan, repossession and sale of the property by the lender will not raise enough cash to repay the amount outstanding, and the borrower will both have lost the property and may still be in debt, although a standard clause in most mortgages cancels the debt upon repossession.
The term was widely used in the United Kingdom during the economic recession between 1991 and 1996, and in Hong Kong between 1998 and 2003, which led to increased unemployment and a decline in property prices, which in turn led to an increase in repossessions by banks and building societies of properties worth less than the outstanding debt.
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負資產一詞形容物業市場內,物業的市價低於原先用來購買物業的借款。這種現象通常在物業價格普遍下跌後發生。這也表示,如果借款人無法還清購買物業所用的款項,貸款人即使把物業沒收或者是轉賣,都不能夠填補差價。借款人最終失去物業的同時,依然負債。
英國從1991年到1996年和香港從1998年到2003年經濟衰退期間都出現負資產的情況。期間失業率上升,樓價下跌,導致銀行與房屋協會在物業價值低於欠款下,紛紛沒收這些物業。