[急]伊利沙伯一世的英文係咩?

Queen Elizabeth the First ( Queen Elizabeth I )

The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is often referred to as The Golden Age of English history. Elizabeth was an immensely popular Queen, and her popularity has waned little with the passing of four hundred years. She is still one of the best loved monarchs, and one of the most admired rulers of all time. She became a legend in her own lifetime, famed for her remarkable abilities and achievements. Yet, about Elizabeth the woman, we know very little. She is an enigma, and was an enigma to her own people.
Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She was born on 7 September 1533 at Greenwich Palace. Her birth was possibly the greatest disappointment of her father's life. He had wanted a son and heir to succeed him as he already had a daughter, Mary, by his first wife, Katherine of Aragon. He had not divorced Katherine, and changed the religion of the country in the process, to have only another daughter. Elizabeth's early life was consequently troubled. Her mother failed to provide the King with a son and was executed on false charges of incest and adultery on 19 May 1536. Anne's marriage to the King was declared null and void, and Elizabeth, like her half-sister, Mary, was declared illegitimate and deprived of her place in the line of succession.

Elizabeth was crowned Queen on Sunday 15th January 1559. In the months that followed, the new Queen re-established the Protestant Church in England and restored the debased coinage. Perhaps to appease Catholics or to appease those who did not believe a woman could become head of the church, Elizabeth became Supreme Governor of the Church of England, rather than Supreme Head as her father had been. While it is impossible to know what exactly the Queen's personal religious beliefs were, the Church she established is an indication of them. She was a committed Protestant, and reputedly spent time in prayer every day, but she was probably a conservative Protestant. She liked candles and crucifixes in her private chapel, liked church music, and enjoyed the more traditional style of worship in contrast to the sermon based service that was becoming popular in some Protestant circles. She did not like religious extremism and did not want to persecute any of her people for their religious beliefs. However, the tenacious political nature of the Catholic/Protestant split meant that her government had to take a harsher line towards Catholics than she wanted.

Elizabeth was dedicated to her country in a way few monarchs had been or have been since. Elizabeth had the mind of a political genius and nurtured her country through careful leadership and by choosing capable men to assist her, such as Sir William Cecil and Sir Francis Walsingham. Elizabeth was a determined woman, but she was not obstinate. She listened to the advice of those around her, and would change a policy if it was unpopular. In appearance she was extravagant, in behaviour sometimes flippant and frivolous, but her approach to politics was serious, conservative, and cautious. When she ascended the throne in 1558, England was an impoverished country torn apart by religious squabbles. When she died at Richmond Palace on the 24th March 1603, England was one of the most powerful and prosperous countries in the world.

伊利沙伯一世=Elizabeth I

1533年9月7日出生於格林尼治，即今日倫敦的格林尼治，1603年3月24日逝世於薩里，於1558年11月17日至1603年3月24日任英格蘭和愛爾蘭女王，是都鐸王朝的第五位也是最後一位君主。她也是名義上的法國女王。她終身未嫁，因此被稱為「童貞女王」。她更被愛德蒙·史賓沙讚譽為不朽的仙境女王。她是都鐸王朝的第五位和最後一位君主，在她之前的都鐸王朝君主順序是亨利七世、亨利八世、愛德華六世和她的異母姊瑪莉一世。

她即位時英格蘭處於內部因宗教分裂的混亂狀態，但她不但成功地保持了英格蘭的統一，而且在經過近半個世紀的統治後，使英格蘭成為歐洲最強大， 富有的國家之一。英格蘭文化也在此期間達到了一個頂峰，湧現出了諸如許多著名的人物，包括劇作家威廉·莎士比亞、克利斯托弗·馬洛和班祖明·詹森；法蘭西斯·德瑞克爵士在其任內成為第一個環航地球的英國人；弗蘭西斯·培根爵士發表了他對哲學與政治的觀點；華達·羅利爵士和韓弗理·吉伯特爵士在北美建立了英國殖民地。她的統治期在英國歷史上被稱為「伊莉莎白時期」，亦稱為「黃金時代」。

慎於榮譽的頒發和顯職的授與也是她在位期間的特徵。在將近四十五年裏，在英格蘭只授與了八個貴族頭銜：一個伯爵爵位、七個男爵爵位；在愛爾蘭只授與一個男爵爵位。她並將樞密院的成員由三十九人降至十九人，後來再降至十四人。

維吉尼亞州（原來的英國殖民地現為美國的一個州）是以她「童貞女王」的稱號來命名的