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圖片參考:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.gif/190px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.gif
大腸癌(Colorectal cancer),也稱為 結腸癌 或者 直腸癌,包括腫瘤在大腸,直腸及闌尾的增生。在西方世界里,這是第二個最常見的癌症,並且第二個導致死亡的癌症。一般認為,許多大腸癌是從大腸里的腺瘤性息肉所引發的。這些形狀與蘑菇相似的腫瘤一般都是良性的,但過了一定的時間其中的一些腫瘤會演變成癌症。The majority of the time, the diagnosis of localized colon cancer is through 大腸鏡檢查. Therapy is usually through surgery, which in many cases is followed by 化學療法.
癥候
Frequently, the patient may be 無症狀. This is one reason why many organizations recommend periodic screening for the disease with 糞便潛血 testing and colonoscopy. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. Generally speaking, the nearer the lesion is to the anus, the more bowel symptoms there will be, such as:
Change in bowel habits
change in frequency [(便秘 and/or (spurious) 腹瀉),
change in the quality of stools
change in consistency of stools
便血 or rectal bleeding
Stools with mucus
Tarry stools (瀝青樣黑色大便)
Feeling of incomplete defecation (裡急後重) (only associated with rectal cancer)
Reduction in calibre of faeces (only associated with rectal cancer)
胃腸道阻塞 (rare)
體質上的癥候
Especially in the cases of cancer in the ascending colon, sometimes only the less specific constitutional symptoms will be found:
貧血, with symptoms such as dizziness, malaise and palpitations. Clinically there will be 蒼白 and a complete blood picture will confirm the low hemoglobin level.
厭食症
衰弱無力,虛弱
Unexplained weight loss.
治療法
The treatment depends on the staging of the cancer. When colorectal cancer is caught at early stages (with little spread) it can be curable. However when it is detected at later stages (when distant metastases are present) it is less likely to be curable.
Surgery remains the primary treatment while chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be recommended depending on the individual patient's staging and other medical factors.