有關工商管理的問題

Q1:倘若因為產品的供應過量導致售價下挫及又因為產品的供應量短絀而導致售價標昇.此兩者情況最終的結果是什麼及其理由?

The result of oversupply of a product or shortag of supply of a product will be price adjustment and adjustment in supply. Market is believe to achieve equilibrium in long run. If there is an oversupply of a product which leads to price drop, some supplier will suffer from price drop and may cut supply in the future. Some suppliers may exit the market which leads to decreased supply and thus price will return to the market rate. On the other hand, if there is a shortage of supply leading to price increase, new supplier will come in and produce which eventually leads to price and supply equilibrium.

Q2:假如你是一個小型企業的負責人,試圖開拓國際市場,你如何收集基本所需有關新市場的參考資料,作為你進入此新市場的準備工夫?

To prepare for entrance of a new market, one needs to conduct a feasibility study and assess the market. The preparation work includes studying of market attractiveness (market size and growth), competitive situation (how many competitors, how competitive is the market), regulatory environment (government influence on regulation, potential regulatory changes in the market), technological development that will affect the market, cost competitiveness (what cost you need to incur versus the cost of your competitors in the market), logistics (how goods can be delivered), legal feasibility, capital required.

Such information can be collected through government organization, trade organization, news search, industry expo, industry publications and personal network.

Q3:假如你公司是替別的企業生產"工業用產品",你如何設定你的產品售價?試述你是用什麼方法去釐訂你的產品售價?

There are several ways to set a price for your products:

(1) Cost-plus pricing - You can set a price for your products based on the cost you need to product such products plus a margin. For example, if the cost to product your product is US$20, and you want to earn a 30% margin on the products, the price of the product would be US$20 x (1+30%) = US$26. The advantage of this basis is that the margin for selling a certain product is clear. The disadvantage is that this has no reference to the pricing by the market or the competitors. The pricing may not be attractive enough for the clients to consider

(2) Market-based pricing - The pricing can be set based on what the market or the competitor charges. You can do a research on what is the prevailing market price of the products, and decide to price it higher than the average or lower than the average. If your products has superior quality and you believe you can charge a premium over the others, you will charge a higher price than the market. However, if you want to attract more orders and gain volume, you may want to charge a lower-than-market price to achieve price competitiveness.