摩洛哥o既資料 (20分)

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圖片參考：http://www.palestinecostumearchive.org/pc409x.JPG

Early Ramallah costume, as published in Leila el Khalidi's The Art of Palestinian Embroidery. Leila's book features many beautiful family photographs never before published.

圖片參考：http://www.palestinecostumearchive.org/postcard_mother_child.jpg

Mother and child, Hebron c.1930s- Archive postcard

圖片參考：http://www.palestinecostumearchive.org/postcard_bedouin_girl.jpg

Sinai Desert bedouin girl dressed up in her mother's wedding clothes, Katri'in village, 1997 (Photo: Jeni Allenby)

圖片參考：http://www.palestinecostumearchive.org/postcard_yemen.jpg

Detail of decoration from the front of a Yemeni indigo dyed wedding dress balaka qamis (on loan to the Archive from Sally Brokensha, Adelaide for the exhibition "Secret Splendours: women's costume in the Arab world)

Women in Morocco
Moroccan women fighting for their rights. According to the Moroccan constitution, the Moroccan woman has the same political rights as man but tradition demands she remain discretely in the background. She is a trade unionist who does not give speeches, but who works behind the scenes in order to obtain her full rights and manages to establish rights of the active woman. She is also into politics; she can be part of the central commitee of any political party. She works very hard to impose herself and to prove to future generations that being a woman and being in politics are not necessarily incompatible.
Recently, a national committee on the participation of women in political life and national council were formed for the revision of the Moroccan family law with the objective of bringing the condition of women closer to the ideals of the United Nations. This is a very complex field where religion and social conservation clash with the urgency of change.
Under the article 13 of the constitution of the Moroccan Kingdom, all citizens are granted the right to education and employment. Morocco has ratified the international treaty on economic, social and cultural rights. It has done the same with international labor organizations and conventions on the protection of women and the principle of equality between the sexes. However, tradition maintains the wife as subservient to the husband. The Koran shows tremendous care for women. It grants her many rights: she is free as man is; she can own propriety and has complete control over it; she has to consent to marriage. Islam allows and also restricts polygamy. However, a woman can ask for an additional clause to the marriage contract specifying that the husband will remain monogamous.

The Moroccan woman´s changing place in society. Since 1989, illiteracy of women has declined thanks to the progress made by schooling since independence. It has led to a relative over-qualification of female activity. During the 80´s, Moroccan women entered the economic world in great numbers by enrolling in more and more jobs in the city. They are present in all branches of industry, social services, education, household activities, as well as their own business. Many women choose to venture into many carriers that have up till now been reserved for men only: airline pilots, journalists, writers, and researchers. Moroccan women are novelists, writers, poetesses, actresses or journalists who find their inspiration in the daily, the historical, the fantastic or the romantic. The mentality of the Moroccan people has changed. The inequality with men is becoming less blatant.
In the country side, women are also very active, they represent almost 50% of the active rural population and represent the majority of laborers.
The Moroccan woman as a mother is a true keeper of traditions. She is the nourishing mother and the educator. She perpetuates life, cements identity and keeps traditions. She remains in this patriarchal society, however, second to the father or the husband. In the world of music, there are many women who play different instruments in traditional or modern orchestras, among them, Ghislane Hamadi who has won many international prizes. Many other women, singers are very much appreciated either in Morocco or in the Arabic world in general.

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