什麽時侯球証判罰球?

十二碼罰球

若守方球員在己方的禁區內觸犯可導致判罰直接自由球的九種規條，則可被判罰十二碼罰球。當執行十二碼罰球時，除主踢球員及守門員外，所有球員皆要離開禁區及最少距離罰球點十碼之外。

在足球比賽中，有很多時候球員都會犯規，裁判員就會以球員犯規的程度而作出適當的判罰。例如口頭警告、出示黃牌、紅牌逐出球場。其餘還有判罰直接自由球、間接自由球或十二碼罰球。
下列是國際足協所定下的判罰方式 (Laws of the Game 中的 Law 12 --- Fouls and Misconduct)。由於字數所限，未能另加上 Law 11 --- Offside (越位的判罰方法)，請到網站參考：http://images.ussoccer.com/Documents/cms/ussf/2006Laws.pdf
注意一點： 雖然有規例可依，但主裁判員有最終的決定權。
Law 12 --- Fouls and misconduct are penalized as follows:
Direct Free Kick (直接自由球)
• kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
• trips or attempts to trip an opponent
• jumps at an opponent
• charges an opponent
• strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
• pushes an opponent
A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following four offenses:
• tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball, making contact with the opponent before touching the ball
• holds an opponent
• spits at an opponent
• handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
Penalty Kick (十二碼罰球)
A penalty kick is awarded if any of the above ten offenses is committed by a player inside his own penalty area, irrespective of the position of the ball, provided it is in play.
Indirect Free Kick (間接自由球)
• takes more than six seconds while controlling the ball with his hands before releasing it from his possession
• touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released from his possession and has not touched any other player
• touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate
• touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate
An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player, in the opinion of the referee:
• plays in a dangerous manner
• impedes the progress of an opponent
• prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
• commits any other offense, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or dismiss a player
Disciplinary Sanctions
Only a player or substitute or substituted player may be shown the red or yellow card. The referee has the authority to take disciplinary sanctions, as from the moment he enters the field of play until he leaves the field of play after the final whistle.
Cautionable Offenses
A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the following seven offenses:
1. is guilty of unsporting behavior
2 shows dissent by word or action
3. persistently infringes the Laws of the Game
4. delays the restart of play
5. fails to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick or free kick or throw-in
6. enters or re-enters the field of play without the referee’s permission
7. deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission
A substitute or substituted player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the following three offenses:
1. is guilty of unsporting behavior
2. shows dissent by word or action
3. delays the restart of play
Sending-Off Offenses
A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the following seven offenses:
1. is guilty of serious foul play
2. is guilty of violent conduct
3. spits at an opponent or any other person
4. denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
5. denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick
6. uses offensive, or insulting or abusive language and/or gestures
7. receives a second caution in the same match
A player, substitute or substituted player who has been sent off and shown the red card must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the technical area.