如果有膽石點醫???

膽石是常見的都市病，年紀大﹑肥胖﹑曾經懷孕的女性﹑或荷爾蒙分泌有問題的人，都較易患上膽石。
肝功能衰退，膽石容易形成
膽負責儲藏由肝臟製造的膽汁。當我們進食脂肪質的食物後，膽就會收縮，搾出膽汁以分解食物和乳化油脂。
膽汁是膽固醇﹑礦物質﹑膽汁酸及水份等合成的液體，若然濃度過高，便會像顏料乾化一樣，形成膽石；所以肝功能情況與膽石的形成有著莫大關係。

很多人雖然患有膽石，也不會覺察任何病徵，但有些人則在右上腹﹑肋骨之下或胃部附近的位置感到疼痛，有時甚至背部後面﹑肩膞等位置也會感到痛楚；
尤其在用餐後及進食肥膩食物後，痛楚就加劇出現。
膽絞痛：膽石可能生長於膽囊管或通往腸部的膽總管，引致腹部中上方及右上方間歇性劇痛，痛楚可能持續數分鐘至數小時不等。
膽囊發炎：膽石刺激膽囊，從而引致急性膽囊炎。這種膽石通常引致腹部右上方持續地隱隱作痛，並且有飽悶感和發燒
http://www.uwants.com/viewthread.php?tid=2370803, http://hk.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/?qid=7006081400847

如果你是「4f」人士，就要小心了，因為你比一般人更容易發生膽石問題。什麼是「4f」？據養和醫院腸胃專科顧問醫生陳紀永醫生解釋，「4f」是指肥胖(fat)、年齡在40歲或以上(forty)、曾懷孕生產(fertile)和胃氣脹(flatulence)。
現時，醫學界對膽內結石的成因仍未能完全闡明。陳醫生表示，醫學界普遍認為膽石與遺傳、細菌感染、血液疾病或賀爾蒙分泌等因素有關。
膽石患者可能會完全察覺不到任何徵狀，或只是感到上腹不適。部分病人在飯後有滿脹的感覺，或對油膩食物生厭。若吃下油膩食物，則可能生悶，甚至嘔吐。若結石移動，阻塞膽囊出口，患者會感到劇痛難耐。再者，若結石掉進膽管，患者會感到劇痛、發熱、身體發黃及小便呈深黃色。
如果經常出現以上情況，我們怎樣可以確定是否因為膽內有結石所致呢？其實只要進行超聲波掃描，就可以檢查膽內是否有結石了。
膽石的預防和治療
由於膽石產生的原因未明，故沒有具體辦法預防。但減少進食油膩食物有助減低因膽固醇積聚而形成的結石。另外，正如前文所述，「4f」人士在日常飲食時，應避免油膩食物，烹調以較清淡的蒸、煮方法為佳，這樣亦可有助減少發生膽石問題的機會。
萬一不幸證實膽內有結石，應該怎麼辦？不用擔心，在醫學倡明的今天，治療膽石主要有幾個方法，包括：
1) 藥物治療； 2) 激光手術治療；及 3) 內窺鏡膽囊切除手術。
藥物治療
主要是使用藥物溶解膽石。服藥治療膽石，需時較長。而且，由於在中國人的病例中，膽石往往由多種物質構成，如膽固醇、黃膽素、鈣和鏻等，性質較硬，不易溶解，故藥物治療效果並不顯著。況且，患者長時期服藥，除了要付上沉重的醫療代價外，還可能要承受藥物帶來的副作用，例如腹瀉、肝或腎等內臟發炎等。
激光治療
臨床結果顯示，激光在治療腎石方面，比用於處理膽石上有較好效果。由於腎臟組織較厚，激光較容易擊碎腎石而不傷及其他器官。膽囊表皮較薄，激光未必能夠有效打碎結石。而且，使用激光打擊結石時，容易傷及其他內臟。此外，結石碎片亦可能導致膽管阻塞。
內窺鏡膽囊切除手術
此乃近年發展出的新療法，患者毋須剖腹，只要在腹部刺開兩個2毫米和一個5毫米的小孔，便可透過腹腔鏡和其他儀器，把膽囊切除。部分醫學技術發達的西方國家，可讓病人即日完成手術回家。本港方面，進行內窺鏡膽囊切除手術後，患者一般只需留院觀察一至兩天便可出院。
或許你會問：「膽石會復發嗎？」那要視乎採用哪種辦法治療。採用藥物或激光治療膽石，復發的機會較高，因為結石有可能再次形成。而進行內窺鏡膽囊切除手術後，由於膽囊已被切除，故不會再出現膽囊積聚結石的問題。
根據養和醫院資料顯示，一九九六年進行膽囊切除手術個案佔該院2.5%，去年則為1.16%。陳醫生解釋，數字減少的原因，不一定是患此病的人數愈來愈少，而可能與近年多了巿民選擇前往公立醫院求診有關
http://www.mingpaohealth.com/cfm/feature3.cfm?File=20020104/feature/digest05.txt
中年女性多吃蔬果可防膽石 2006年10月8日
【明報專訊】美國一項健康研究顯示，中年女性多吃蔬果，有助防生膽石，她們需要接受切除膽囊手術的風險，比少吃蔬果的人低21%。
路透社報道，美國哈佛醫學院的一項研究中，訪問了逾7.7萬名、年齡介乎37至64歲的女護士，她們填寫有關飲食習慣的問卷，並比較她們因膽石而需接受切除膽囊手術的比率。結果發現，每日進食7份或以上蔬果，即屬大量進食蔬果一類的中年女士，比每日只進食3份的人，接受該手術的機會少21%。
醫學專家指出，進食綠葉類的蔬菜，以及柑橘類的生果，含有豐富維他命C、纖維及礦物質，有助防止膽石。

The gallbladder is a small sac lying on the underside of the liver. Bile (also called gall) is a greenish-brown liquid produced by the liver. It is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder and passed into the small intestine through the bile ducts to help with digestion, mainly of fats.

Gallstones are hard pieces of stone-like material, round, oval, or faceted, commonly occurring in the gallbladder or the bile duct.

Most gallstones are about the size of a pea, but in some cases there can be many very small stones, like fine gravel, or a single stone so large that it completely fills the gallbladder. They are more common in women than in men and about 1 in 10 older adults have gallstones.

Most gallstones are made up of cholesterol, chalk (calcium carbonate), calcium bilirubinate, or a mixture of these. They are more likely to occur if the composition of the bile is abnormal, if the outlet from the gallbladder is blocked or has a local infection, or if there is a family history of gallstones.

Most gallstones cause no trouble. But the presence of stones may lead to inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), and may block the bile duct, leading to obstructive jaundice. The passage of a gallstone down the bile duct into the duodenum is a very painful experience, known as biliary colic.

Gallstones cause symptoms in fewer than 20% of the people who have them. However, their presence may lead to the gallbladder becoming inflamed (cholecystitis), causing pain below the ribs on the right side. The pain may also be felt in the back and the right shoulder and there may be fever, nausea and vomiting.

Gallstones occur when the liver produces bile that is saturated with dissolved substances and has an excess of cholesterol in it. This may be caused by a relative reduction in bile salts.

Excessive cholesterol may be due to factors such as:

A high cholesterol diet
Advancing age
Excessive refined dietary carbohydrates such as white bread, cakes, and low-fibre cereals
The use of oral contraceptives
A genetic disorder featuring excessive cholesterol in the blood (hypercholesterolaemia)
Liver disease that reduces the levels of bile salts.

Changes in diet have no effect on gallstones, but it is advisable to eat a well balanced healthy diet, and to control your weight.

Gallstones composed of pure cholesterol can sometimes be dissolved with drugs, although it may take months or years to be fully effective.

Stones can also be shattered by a procedure called lithotripsy, a method of concentrating ultrasonic shock waves onto the stones to break them into tiny pieces so they can be passed safely in the faeces.

Gallstones which do not respond to other treatments, or which reoccur, can be treated by surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) using minimally invasive surgery (also known as ‘keyhole’ surgery due to the small incision).

Laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery is now so routine and successful, and causes so little trouble to the patient, that other methods are now almost obsolete.

However, treatment with the bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, may be given after completing therapy in order to stop gallstones recurring (up to 25% of patients with gallstones may have recurring symptoms one year after stopping therapy).

可以找醫生幫你用微創手術取出膽石, 養和醫院這方面做得最好, 醫藥費約3萬元到啦,如果有買保險就沒有問題啦!!