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Although crabs come in a variety of shapes and sizes they all have the same general body plan. All crabs have one pair of chelipeds and four pairs of walking legs. Also referred to as claws, nippers or pincers, the chelipeds are the first pair of legs on a crab and their most distinguishing structure. Chelipeds are used for holding and carrying food, digging, cracking open shells and warning off would be attackers. The carapace is the hard cover or exoskeleton which protects the internal organs of the head, thorax and gills.
Visible on the underside of a crab are the mouthparts and the abdomen. The gills through which the animal obtains oxygen cannot be seen. They are soft structures under the side of the carapace. The eyes which protrude from the front of the carapace are on the ends of short stalks. The mouthparts are a series of pairs of short legs, specialised to manipulate and chew food.
The abdomen is small and tightly held against the underside of the body. Like all crustaceans the sexes are separate and the size of the abdomen distinguishes them: in males it is triangular and inset into the underside. In females it is broad and round and most obvious when the eggs are being carried.