Alfred D. Hershey
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
Biography
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Alfred Day Hershey was born on December 4th, 1908, in Owosso, Michigan. He studied at the Michigan State College, where he obtained B.S. in 1930, and Ph.D. in 1934. In 1967 he got an honorary D.Sc. at the University of Chicago.
From 1934 till 1950 he was engaged in teaching and research, at the Department of Bacteriology, Washington University School of Medicine. In 1950 he became a Staff Member, at the Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; in 1962 he was appointed Director of the Genetics Research Unit of the same institution.
Alfred Hershey married Harriet Davidson in 1945, they have one son, Peter.
Alfred Hershey is a Member of the American Society for Microbiology, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Hershey is Recipient of the Kimber Genetics Award of the National Academy of Sciences, 1965. Michigan State University honored him with an M.D.h.c. in 1970.
From Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1963-1970, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972
This autobiography/biography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
Alfred D. Hershey died on May 22, 1997.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/hershey-bio.html
Alfred Day HersheyAmerican biochemist, born, December 4, 1908¸515 E. Mason St. Owosso, Michigan; died May 22, 1997, Syosset, NY.
Associated eponyms:
Hershey-Chase blender experiment
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase in 1952 showed DNA to be the carrier of genetic information in virus reproduction, working with T2 phage.
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赫希-卻斯實驗(Hershey-Chase experiment)
轉型原理一直經過了約30年,才有更進一步了解,艾弗里(Avery)等人在1944年將格里菲斯實驗中的S型死菌菌體加以分析,逐步驗証其化學成份,証明了DNA是轉型的原理。
但是由於化學分析仍有難以辯解的誤差存在,最後將DNA的角色拍板定案的是赫希(Hershey)與卻斯(Chase)所做的決定性實驗。他們將噬菌體T2分別以放射性同位素硫35(35S)及磷32(32P)標示後去感染大腸菌,然後追蹤這兩種放射性的去向,結果發現硫35只存留於原先作為感染原的噬菌體蛋白質外殼上,而磷32卻存留於被感染的大腸菌細胞內以及新生成的噬菌體內。由於在標示過程中硫35只能進入噬菌體的蛋白質外殼,而磷32則只能進入噬菌體內的DNA,因此確認了DNA由噬菌體注入細菌體內,進而控制細菌造成裂解產生新的噬菌體,所以DNA是遺傳物質。