Candlestick Patterns?

In the 18th century a wealthy Japanese businessman, Munehisa Homma (a.k.a. Sakata) developed a technical analysis method to analyze the price of rice contracts. Today this technique is called candlestick charting and is widely used when drawing stock charts. Sakata began trading at the local rice exchange around 1750. He kept records of the market psychology learning to boost his profits by carefully monitoring prices and not to rushing into trades. Sakata is regarded as the Grandfather of candlesticks.

Candlestick charts use the same price data as bar charts (open, high, low, close). However, candlestick charts are drawn in a much more visually identifiable way typically resembling a candle with wicks on both ends. The high and low are described as shadows and plotted as a single line.

Learning how to read candlestick charts is easy. The price range between the open and close is plotted as a rectangle on the single line. If the close is above the open, the body of the rectangle is white. If the close of the day is below the open, the body of the rectangle is red. At HotCandlestick.com we use red to represent blood as in Sakata's references to the battle between the buyers and sellers being analogous to wars waged in ancient Japanese times. More recently in the Western world we refer to the war between bulls and bears. When the bears are winning the war sometimes we hear analysts talk about blood on the street.

The website below will explain the pratical use of Candlestick Patterns

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Candlestick charting can be traced back to the 1700's as a tool used for rice trading. One of the great rice traders of the 1800's, Homma is widely credited for developing the candlestick charting basics used today. In the west, Candlestick Charting has grown in popularity and use, thanks to the efforts of Steve Nisson and Greg Morris. Candlestick charts are visually appealing and can be a valuable tool in the technicians toolbox as it gives insight into current investor sentiment, allowing for the determination of short term tops and bottoms.
The candle is comprised of two parts, the body and the shadows. The body encompasses the open and closing price for the period. The candle body is black if the security closed below the open, and white if the close was higher than the open for the period. The candlestick shadow encompasses the intraperiod high and low.
(Note: In candlestick charting the following periods are often used; 5 min, 15 min, 1 hour, daily and weekly). Long shadows, show that the trading extended well beyond the opening and/or closing price, while short shadows, show that trading was confined closely to the open and/or closing price.
A long body, is a candlestick with a very long body when compared with other recent candles. White bodies show intense buying pressure, where as black bodies show intense selling pressures. Long white candles are generally bullish, but are also found at blowout tops, so they must be interpreted with surrounding candles. Similar long black candles are generally bearish, but are also found at capitulation bottoms. Long bodies with no upper and lower shadows are called Marubozo's. Marubozo's are more powerful than long candles as they show a steady advance (or decline if black)throughout the trading period. A short candle is the opposite of a long candle and usually implies consolidation, as the stock traded in a narrow range during the period. Short candles with long upper and lower shadows are called spinning tops, and are potential reversal signs, as it shows that despite trading in a wide range, the security closed close to the open. A spinning top becomes a doji as the closing price approaches the open price.

Doji's are powerful reversal indicating candlesticks and are formed when the security opens and closes at the same level, implying indecision in the stock price. Depending on the location and length of the shadows, doji's can be categorized into the following formations: doji, long legged-doji, butterfly doji, gravestone doji, 4 price doji, etc. Doji's become more significant when seen after an extended rally of long bodied candles (bullish or bearish) and are confirmed with an engulfing.( a long candlestick formed over the next period which engulfs the doji body).

A long legged-doji is formed when the stock opens at a level, trades in a considerable trading range only to close at the same level as it opened. Long legged-doji's become more powerful when preceded by small candles, as a sudden burst of volatility in a relative unvolatile stock, can imply a trend change is coming.


Dragonfly Doji's are doji's that opened at the high of a session, had a considerable interperiod decline, then find support to rally back to close at the same level as the open. Dragonfly Doji's are often seen after a moderate decline, and are bottom reversal indicators when confirmed with a bullish engulfing.

Gravestone Doji's are the opposite of the Dragonfly Doji and are top reversal indicators when confirmed with bearish engulfings. As the name implies, gravestone doji's look like a gravestone, and could signal impending doom for a stock.

4 price doji's occur when the stock opens, trades and closes at virtually the same level for the period. These are very rare, except with thinly traded securities.
An engulfing occurs when the candle body engulfs the previous candles body. White engulfing candles are bullish engulfings, where as black engulfing candles are bearish engulfings. Bullish engulfings are commonly found at short term bottoms, where as bearish engulfings at tops. Many candlesticks, such as dojis, hammers, hanging mans need confirmation of a trend change with an engulfing (bullish engulfing at bottoms, bearish engulfings at tops).
Hammers and hanging man's are short body candle's with little or no upper shadow, and a lower shadow at lease twice as long as the candle body. Hammers are formed after declines, and hanging man's after advances. When confirmed they become powerful reversal signals, especially the hammer. The expression "hammers out a bottom" refers to when after the open, the downtrend in a stock continues, until at some point, enough buying interest is generated, to bring prices close to where they open. Confirmation comes from a bullish engulfing, showing the trader that the up trend is established. The color of the hanging man/hammer is unimportant, but some consider white hammers and black hanging man's more potent reversal signals.